{"id":533772,"date":"2026-03-29T13:03:33","date_gmt":"2026-03-29T11:03:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.dynseo.com\/perception-visuelle-fonctionnement-troubles-et-exercices-de-stimulation-dynseo-2\/"},"modified":"2026-03-29T13:05:57","modified_gmt":"2026-03-29T11:05:57","slug":"visual-perception-functioning-disorders-and-stimulation-exercises-dynseo","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.dynseo.com\/en\/visual-perception-functioning-disorders-and-stimulation-exercises-dynseo\/","title":{"rendered":"Visual Perception: Functioning, Disorders and Stimulation Exercises | DYNSEO"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>[et_pb_section fb_built=&#8221;1&#8243; admin_label=&#8221;Article HTML&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.16&#8243; custom_padding=&#8221;0px||0px||false|false&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_row admin_label=&#8221;Contenu&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.16&#8243; width=&#8221;100%&#8221; max_width=&#8221;100%&#8221; 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\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\n  \"@type\":\"Article\",\n  \"headline\":\"Perception Visuelle : Fonctionnement, Troubles et Exercices de Stimulation\",\n  \"description\":\"Perception visuelle : fonctionnement c\u00e9r\u00e9bral, 6 composantes cl\u00e9s, troubles associ\u00e9s \u00e0 la dyslexie et dyspraxie, 7 exercices de stimulation. Guide DYNSEO.\",\n  \"author\":{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"name\":\"DYNSEO\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.dynseo.com\"},\n  \"publisher\":{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"name\":\"DYNSEO\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.dynseo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/logo-dynseo.png\"}},\n  \"datePublished\":\"2026-03-28\",\n  \"dateModified\":\"2026-03-28\"\n}\n<\/script><\/p>\n<div class=\"dbi-art-0b381f\">\n<header class=\"article-hero\">\n<div class=\"article-hero-inner\">\n<nav class=\"article-breadcrumb\">\n      <a href=\"https:\/\/www.dynseo.com\/en\/\">Home<\/a> &rsaquo;<br \/>\n      <a href=\"https:\/\/www.dynseo.com\/en\/our-tools\/\">Tools &amp; resources<\/a> &rsaquo;<br \/>\n      Visual perception<br \/>\n    <\/nav>\n<p>    <span class=\"article-category\">&#x1F441;&#xFE0F; NEUROSCIENCES &amp; PERCEPTION<\/span><\/p>\n<h1>Visual Perception&nbsp;: functioning, disorders and <span class=\"hl\">stimulation exercises<\/span><\/h1>\n<div class=\"article-meta\">\n      <span>&#x1F4C5; March 2026<\/span><br \/>\n      <span>&#x23F1; 17 min read<\/span><br \/>\n      <span>&#x1F3EB; By the DYNSEO team<\/span>\n    <\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"article-hero-curve\"><\/div>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"container\">\n<article class=\"article-body\">\n<div class=\"toc\">\n<h4>&#x1F4D1; Summary<\/h4>\n<ol>\n<li><a href=\"#acuite\">Visual acuity vs visual perception: two distinct things<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#chemin\">The visual pathway in the brain<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#composantes\">The 6 components of visual perception<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#developpement\">Development of visual perception in children<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#troubles\">Disorders of visual perception<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#dyslexie\">Link with dyslexia and dyspraxia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#vieillissement\">Visual perception and aging<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#neurologie\">Neurological aspects: agnosia and prosopagnosia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#exercices\">7 exercises to stimulate visual perception<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#outils\">Monitoring and training tools<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<pee>You are looking at this text right now. Your eyes receive the light signals, your brain interprets them as letters, words, phrases carrying meaning. This operation \u2014 which you perform without thinking \u2014 is the result of an extraordinarily complex neurological process. And this process, called <strong>visual perception<\/strong>, is much more than seeing: it is interpreting, organizing, giving meaning to what the eyes record.<\/pee>\n<pee>The confusion between visual acuity (the sharpness of the image received by the eye) and visual perception (the way the brain processes and interprets this image) is one of the most common in supporting the visual difficulties of children. A child with perfectly corrected vision can still have significant visual perception difficulties \u2014 which impact their reading, writing, mathematical learning, and coordination. These difficulties often go unnoticed during a standard ophthalmological examination.<\/pee>\n<div class=\"key-points\">\n<h3>&#x2728; What you will learn in this article<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>The fundamental difference between acuity and visual perception<\/li>\n<li>How the brain processes visual information (ventral and dorsal pathways)<\/li>\n<li>The 6 key components of visual perception<\/li>\n<li>Normal development and possible disorders in children<\/li>\n<li>The link between visual perception, dyslexia, and dyspraxia<\/li>\n<li>7 practical exercises to stimulate visual perception<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<h2 id=\"acuite\">1. Visual acuity vs visual perception: two distinct things<\/h2>\n<pee><strong>Visual acuity<\/strong> refers to the eye&#8217;s ability to form a sharp image \u2014 this is what the ophthalmologist measures with the Snellen chart or Landolt rings. It depends on the optical quality of the eye (cornea, lens, retina) and can be corrected with glasses or contact lenses.<\/pee>\n<pee><strong>Visual perception<\/strong>, on the other hand, is a brain skill \u2014 the brain&#8217;s ability to process, organize, and interpret the information that the eyes transmit to it. It encompasses shape recognition, discrimination of similar details, spatial organization, understanding relationships between objects in space, visual memory, and figure-ground (distinguishing what is important from the background).<\/pee>\n<div class=\"info-box\">\n  <pee><strong>&#x1F4CA; A clinically crucial distinction.<\/strong> A child may have 10\/10 visual acuity and still experience major difficulties with visual perception that impact their learning. Conversely, a visually impaired child may have remarkably well-developed visual perception. These two dimensions are independent and must be evaluated separately. An examination by an ophthalmologist does not detect visual perception disorders \u2014 these fall under the expertise of the orthoptist, neuropsychologist, or occupational therapist.<\/pee>\n<\/div>\n<h2 id=\"chemin\">2. The visual pathway in the brain<\/h2>\n<h3>From the retina to the primary visual cortex<\/h3>\n<pee>The pathway of visual information begins at the retina, where photoreceptors (cones and rods) convert light into electrical signals. These signals travel via the optic nerves to the lateral geniculate body of the thalamus, and then to the <strong>primary visual cortex<\/strong> (V1) located in the occipital lobe. V1 processes the basic characteristics of the image \u2014 contour orientation, spatial frequencies, simple movements.<\/pee>\n<h3>The two visual pathways: ventral and dorsal<\/h3>\n<pee>From V1, visual information splits into two major parallel processing pathways. The <strong>ventral pathway<\/strong> (or &#8220;what&#8221; pathway) descends to the temporal lobes and specializes in identifying objects, faces, and written words \u2014 it answers the question &#8220;what is it?&#8221;. The <strong>dorsal pathway<\/strong> (or &#8220;where\/how&#8221; pathway) ascends to the parietal lobes and specializes in the spatial localization of objects and the guidance of visuomotor actions \u2014 it answers &#8220;where is it?&#8221; and &#8220;how do I get there?&#8221;.<\/pee>\n<pee>This dual architecture explains why brain lesions in different regions produce very different visual deficits: a temporal lesion may cause an inability to recognize familiar faces (prosopagnosia) while leaving intact the ability to locate and grasp objects; a parietal lesion may cause the opposite.<\/pee>\n<h2 id=\"composantes\">3. The 6 components of visual perception<\/h2>\n<div class=\"comp-grid\">\n<div class=\"comp-card\">\n<div class=\"comp-card-title\">&#x1F50D; Visual discrimination<\/div>\n<pee>Ability to detect similarities and differences between shapes, letters, or objects. Essential for distinguishing b\/d, p\/q, 6\/9.<\/pee>\n  <\/div>\n<div class=\"comp-card\">\n<div class=\"comp-card-title\">&#x1F5BC;&#xFE0F; Figure-ground<\/div>\n<pee>Ability to isolate a shape from its background. A struggling child &#8220;loses&#8221; the line while reading or cannot find an object in a cluttered drawer.<\/pee>\n  <\/div>\n<div class=\"comp-card\">\n<div class=\"comp-card-title\">&#x1F504; Shape constancy<\/div>\n<pee>Recognizing the same shape\/letter regardless of its size, orientation, or context. Fundamental for reading varied fonts.<\/pee>\n  <\/div>\n<div class=\"comp-card\">\n<div class=\"comp-card-title\">&#x1F4CD; Spatial perception<\/div>\n<pee>Understanding the position of objects in space and their relationship to one another. Involved in writing, geometry, and reading maps.<\/pee>\n  <\/div>\n<div class=\"comp-card\">\n<div class=\"comp-card-title\">&#x26AA; Visual closure<\/div>\n<pee>Mental completion of a partially visible figure. Allows recognition of a word even if some letters are barely legible.<\/pee>\n  <\/div>\n<div class=\"comp-card\">\n<div class=\"comp-card-title\">&#x1F4AD; Visual memory<\/div>\n<pee>Retain and reproduce a shape after observing it. Fundamental for spelling, copying tables, and remembering faces.<\/pee>\n  <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h2 id=\"developpement\">4. Development of visual perception in children<\/h2>\n<pee>Visual perception develops gradually from birth to adolescence. At birth, the newborn only perceives strong contrasts at a short distance (20-30 cm). The discrimination of simple shapes emerges in the first months. The recognition of faces develops very early \u2014 around 2-3 months, the infant prefers their mother&#8217;s face to that of a stranger.<\/pee>\n<pee>The perception of spatial relationships and the discrimination of complex shapes mainly develop between ages 3 and 7. It is during this window that activities such as drawing, puzzles, construction, and arts and crafts have the most impact on the development of visual perception. Visual memory and shape constancy refine until adolescence.<\/pee>\n<pee>An important point: <strong>lateralization<\/strong> (the ability to clearly know if one is right-handed or left-handed) is closely linked to the development of spatial perception. An unestablished lateralization at ages 6-7 can generate left-right confusion that impacts reading (mirror letters) and writing.<\/pee>\n<h2 id=\"troubles\">5. Disorders of visual perception<\/h2>\n<pee>Visual perception disorders in children often manifest at the onset of reading and writing, as these learnings intensively engage all components of visual perception \u2014 letter discrimination, visual memory of words, spatial organization of lines and the page.<\/pee>\n<table class=\"comparison-table\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Component<\/th>\n<th>Signs of a possible disorder<\/th>\n<th>Typical school impacts<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Visual discrimination<\/td>\n<td>Persistent confusion b\/d\/p\/q, 6\/9, u\/n<\/td>\n<td>Decoding errors, confusions in reading and writing<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Figure-ground<\/td>\n<td>Losing one&#8217;s place in a text, not finding an object in a cluttered space<\/td>\n<td>Reading difficulties, problems with desk organization<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Spatial perception<\/td>\n<td>Persistent left-right confusion, misaligned text, disordered geometric sketches<\/td>\n<td>Irregular writing, difficulties in geometry and sports<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Visual memory<\/td>\n<td>Highly variable spelling, difficulties copying from the board<\/td>\n<td>Illogical spelling mistakes, slow copying<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Shape constancy<\/td>\n<td>Difficulty recognizing a word in a different font or size<\/td>\n<td>Hesitant reading, dependence on the usual font<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2 id=\"dyslexie\">6. Link with dyslexia and dyspraxia<\/h2>\n<h3>Visual perception and dyslexia<\/h3>\n<pee>Dyslexia is primarily a phonological disorder \u2014 a difficulty in processing the sounds of language and associating them with letters. However, difficulties in visual perception can coexist and exacerbate reading difficulties. The confusion of mirror letters (b\/d, p\/q) is often attributed to dyslexia when it may stem from a specific visual perception disorder or lateralization issue. An orthoptic and neuropsychological evaluation can distinguish between the two.<\/pee>\n<h3>Visual perception and dyspraxia<\/h3>\n<pee>Dyspraxia (Developmental Coordination Disorder, DCD) frequently involves difficulties in visuo-spatial perception \u2014 the dorsal pathway that guides motor actions in space. Dyspraxic children often struggle to copy geometric figures, organize their workspace, complete puzzles, or engage in sports that require quickly locating moving objects. Rehabilitation of visuo-spatial perception is an integral part of care in psychomotricity and occupational therapy.<\/pee>\n<div class=\"tool-box\">\n<div class=\"tool-box-label\">&#x1F9EA; DYNSEO Tool<\/div>\n<div class=\"tool-box-title\">Session Tracking Sheet<\/div>\n<pee>For orthoptists, occupational therapists, and psychomotor therapists working on visual perception, the DYNSEO Session Tracking Sheet allows for documenting progress on each component and adapting the rehabilitation program based on observed changes.<\/pee>\n  <a href=\"https:\/\/www.dynseo.com\/nos-outils\/fiche-suivi-seance\/\" class=\"btn-tool\">Discover the tool &#x2192;<\/a>\n<\/div>\n<h2 id=\"vieillissement\">7. Visual Perception and Aging<\/h2>\n<pee>Aging affects visual perception in several ways. Contrast discrimination \u2014 the ability to distinguish close shades of gray \u2014 gradually decreases. The speed of visual processing slows down. Sensitivity to movement in the periphery of the visual field reduces, which has significant implications for driving. Figure-ground becomes less effective, which can contribute to difficulties in finding objects or reading on busy backgrounds.<\/pee>\n<pee>These changes are normal up to a certain point. But a rapid or asymmetric degradation of visual perception may signal an eye pathology (AMD, glaucoma) or neurological condition (Alzheimer&#8217;s disease, Stroke) that warrants medical consultation.<\/pee>\n<h2 id=\"neurologie\">8. Neurological Aspects: Agnosia and Prosopagnosia<\/h2>\n<pee>Cases of brain lesions affecting visual perception have provided neuroscience with some of its most spectacular discoveries about the functioning of the visual brain. <strong>Visual agnosia<\/strong> \u2014 the inability to visually recognize objects despite preserved visual acuity \u2014 can be extremely selective: some patients cannot recognize objects but perfectly recognize faces, while others do the opposite.<\/pee>\n<pee><strong>Prosopagnosia<\/strong> \u2014 the inability to recognize faces, even familiar ones \u2014 dramatically illustrates the specificity of visual perception circuits. Prosopagnosic patients recognize that they see a human face, but cannot identify whose it is \u2014 not even their own in a mirror. This dissociation between seeing and recognizing shows that face recognition is processed by a specialized circuit in the temporal fusiform gyrus, distinct from object recognition circuits.<\/pee>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.dynseo.com\/en\/our-tools\/facial-expression-decoder\/\" class=\"internal-link\"><\/p>\n<div class=\"internal-link-icon\">&#x1F50D;<\/div>\n<div class=\"internal-link-content\">\n<div class=\"internal-link-label\">DYNSEO Tool<\/div>\n<div class=\"internal-link-title\">Facial Expression Decoder<\/div>\n<div class=\"internal-link-desc\">Recognizing facial expressions directly relies on the visual perception circuits of faces. This tool allows for progressively and gamified training of this skill.<\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"internal-link-arrow\">&#x2192;<\/div>\n<p><\/a><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"exercices\">9. Seven exercises to stimulate visual perception<\/h2>\n<ul class=\"numbered-list\">\n<li><strong>Games of 7 errors and images with differences:<\/strong> Intensively solicit visual discrimination and figure-ground. Progress from simple scenes to complex images. Comment on the differences found to anchor perceptual learning.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Puzzles:<\/strong> The puzzle is the king exercise of visual perception \u2014 it simultaneously solicits shape discrimination, shape constancy, spatial perception, and figure-ground. Progress from 20-piece puzzles to complex compositions.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Copies of geometric figures:<\/strong> Copying figures of increasing complexity (squares, diamonds, nested figures) trains spatial perception and visuomotor coordination. Rey&#8217;s complex figure test is a standardized version of this exercise.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Labyrinths and visual paths:<\/strong> Visually following a path (without touching the paper) trains visual tracking, figure-ground, and shape constancy. Progress from simple mazes to complex intertwined paths.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Kim&#8217;s games:<\/strong> Observe a series of objects, cover them, then identify those that have disappeared or changed places. Trains short-term visual memory and spatial discrimination.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Spatial construction activities:<\/strong> Reproduce constructions with cubes or Lego according to a model \u2014 in 3D or from a 2D diagram. Intensively solicits spatial perception and mental rotation.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Facial expression recognition:<\/strong> Training the recognition of micro-expressions and emotions on faces solicits the visual circuits specialized in facial recognition \u2014 a skill at the junction of visual perception and social cognition.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"tool-box\">\n<div class=\"tool-box-label\">&#x1F9E9; DYNSEO Applications<\/div>\n<div class=\"tool-box-title\">COCO (children) &amp; CLINT (adults)<\/div>\n<pee>COCO and CLINT offer cognitive games that engage visual perception in age-appropriate and engaging formats. Visual discrimination, shape memory, and visual attention exercises are regularly trained in both applications.<\/pee>\n  <a href=\"https:\/\/www.dynseo.com\/jeux-de-memoire\/coco-jeux-enfants\/\" class=\"btn-tool\">COCO \u2014 Children &#x2192;<\/a>\n<\/div>\n<h2 id=\"outils\">10. Monitoring and training tools<\/h2>\n<pee>Training visual perception is more effective when it is regular, progressive, and documented. For professionals who support children or adults with visual perception difficulties \u2014 orthoptists, occupational therapists, psychomotor therapists, special education teachers \u2014 systematic tracking of progress is essential to adapt exercises and value acquisitions.<\/pee>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.dynseo.com\/en\/brain-games-apps\/clint-brain-games-for-adults\/\" class=\"internal-link\"><\/p>\n<div class=\"internal-link-icon\">&#x1F3AE;<\/div>\n<div class=\"internal-link-content\">\n<div class=\"internal-link-label\">DYNSEO Application<\/div>\n<div class=\"internal-link-title\">CLINT \u2014 Cognitive training for adults<\/div>\n<div class=\"internal-link-desc\">CLINT offers adults a variety of cognitive exercises including activities for visual perception and attention \u2014 for regular and motivating training.<\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"internal-link-arrow\">&#x2192;<\/div>\n<p><\/a><\/p>\n<div class=\"cta-box\">\n<h3>&#x1F441;&#xFE0F; Stimulate your visual perception with DYNSEO<\/h3>\n<pee>Visual perception develops and is maintained with the right exercises. Our cognitive tools and tests support you in evaluating and strengthening these skills at any age.<\/pee>\n<div class=\"cta-buttons\">\n    <a href=\"https:\/\/www.dynseo.com\/en\/concentration-and-attention-test\/\" class=\"btn-cta-white\">&#x1F3AF; Concentration test<\/a><br \/>\n    <a href=\"https:\/\/www.dynseo.com\/en\/our-tools\/\" class=\"btn-cta-outline\">All tools &#x2192;<\/a>\n  <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"article-tags\">\n  <a href=\"#\" class=\"article-tag\">visual perception<\/a><br \/>\n  <a href=\"#\" class=\"article-tag\">brain visual processing<\/a><br \/>\n  <a href=\"#\" class=\"article-tag\">child perception disorders<\/a><br \/>\n  <a href=\"#\" class=\"article-tag\">dyslexia dyspraxia vision<\/a><br \/>\n  <a href=\"#\" class=\"article-tag\">visual discrimination<\/a><br \/>\n  <a href=\"#\" class=\"article-tag\">visual memory<\/a><br \/>\n  <a href=\"#\" class=\"article-tag\">agnosia prosopagnosia<\/a><br \/>\n  <a href=\"#\" class=\"article-tag\">DYNSEO visual cognition<\/a>\n<\/div>\n<\/article>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>[\/et_pb_code][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":410101,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"on","_et_pb_old_content":"[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" admin_label=\"Article HTML\" _builder_version=\"4.16\" custom_padding=\"0px||0px||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_row admin_label=\"Contenu\" _builder_version=\"4.16\" width=\"100%\" max_width=\"100%\" custom_padding=\"0px||0px||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"4_4\" _builder_version=\"4.16\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_code admin_label=\"HTML import\u00e9\" _builder_version=\"4.16\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<style type=\"text\/css\">\n:root{\n  --bleu:#5e5ed7;--bleu-soft:#eeeeff;--bleu2:#5268c9;--bleu2-soft:#e8ecfa;\n  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.dbi-art-0b381f .btn-cta-outline {width:100%;text-align:center;padding:13px 24px;font-size:13px;}\n.dbi-art-0b381f .internal-link {flex-direction:column;text-align:center;gap:12px;padding:22px 18px;}\n.dbi-art-0b381f .internal-link-arrow {transform:rotate(90deg);}\n.dbi-art-0b381f .internal-link:hover .internal-link-arrow {transform:rotate(90deg) translateX(4px);}\n.dbi-art-0b381f .comparison-table {font-size:12px;}\n.dbi-art-0b381f .comparison-table thead th, .dbi-art-0b381f .comparison-table tbody td {padding:10px 12px;}\n.dbi-art-0b381f .toc {padding:22px 20px;}\n}\n\n<\/style>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">\n{\n  \"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\n  \"@type\":\"Article\",\n  \"headline\":\"Perception Visuelle : Fonctionnement, Troubles et Exercices de Stimulation\",\n  \"description\":\"Perception visuelle : fonctionnement c\u00e9r\u00e9bral, 6 composantes cl\u00e9s, troubles associ\u00e9s \u00e0 la dyslexie et dyspraxie, 7 exercices de stimulation. Guide DYNSEO.\",\n  \"author\":{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"name\":\"DYNSEO\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.dynseo.com\"},\n  \"publisher\":{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"name\":\"DYNSEO\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.dynseo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/logo-dynseo.png\"}},\n  \"datePublished\":\"2026-03-28\",\n  \"dateModified\":\"2026-03-28\"\n}\n<\/script>\n<div class=\"dbi-art-0b381f\">\n<header class=\"article-hero\">\n  <div class=\"article-hero-inner\">\n    <nav class=\"article-breadcrumb\">\n      <a href=\"https:\/\/www.dynseo.com\/\">Home<\/a> &rsaquo;\n      <a href=\"https:\/\/www.dynseo.com\/nos-outils\/\">Tools &amp; resources<\/a> &rsaquo;\n      Visual perception\n    <\/nav>\n    <span class=\"article-category\">&#x1F441;&#xFE0F; NEUROSCIENCES &amp; PERCEPTION<\/span>\n    <h1>Visual Perception&nbsp;: functioning, disorders and <span class=\"hl\">stimulation exercises<\/span><\/h1>\n    <div class=\"article-meta\">\n      <span>&#x1F4C5; March 2026<\/span>\n      <span>&#x23F1; 17 min read<\/span>\n      <span>&#x1F3EB; By the DYNSEO team<\/span>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n  <div class=\"article-hero-curve\"><\/div>\n<\/header>\n\n<div class=\"container\">\n<article class=\"article-body\">\n\n<div class=\"toc\">\n  <h4>&#x1F4D1; Summary<\/h4>\n  <ol>\n    <li><a href=\"#acuite\">Visual acuity vs visual perception: two distinct things<\/a><\/li>\n    <li><a href=\"#chemin\">The visual pathway in the brain<\/a><\/li>\n    <li><a href=\"#composantes\">The 6 components of visual perception<\/a><\/li>\n    <li><a href=\"#developpement\">Development of visual perception in children<\/a><\/li>\n    <li><a href=\"#troubles\">Disorders of visual perception<\/a><\/li>\n    <li><a href=\"#dyslexie\">Link with dyslexia and dyspraxia<\/a><\/li>\n    <li><a href=\"#vieillissement\">Visual perception and aging<\/a><\/li>\n    <li><a href=\"#neurologie\">Neurological aspects: agnosia and prosopagnosia<\/a><\/li>\n    <li><a href=\"#exercices\">7 exercises to stimulate visual perception<\/a><\/li>\n    <li><a href=\"#outils\">Monitoring and training tools<\/a><\/li>\n  <\/ol>\n<\/div>\n\n<p>You are looking at this text right now. Your eyes receive the light signals, your brain interprets them as letters, words, phrases carrying meaning. This operation \u2014 which you perform without thinking \u2014 is the result of an extraordinarily complex neurological process. And this process, called <strong>visual perception<\/strong>, is much more than seeing: it is interpreting, organizing, giving meaning to what the eyes record.<\/p>\n\n<p>The confusion between visual acuity (the sharpness of the image received by the eye) and visual perception (the way the brain processes and interprets this image) is one of the most common in supporting the visual difficulties of children. A child with perfectly corrected vision can still have significant visual perception difficulties \u2014 which impact their reading, writing, mathematical learning, and coordination. These difficulties often go unnoticed during a standard ophthalmological examination.<\/p>\n\n<div class=\"key-points\">\n  <h3>&#x2728; What you will learn in this article<\/h3>\n  <ul>\n    <li>The fundamental difference between acuity and visual perception<\/li>\n    <li>How the brain processes visual information (ventral and dorsal pathways)<\/li>\n    <li>The 6 key components of visual perception<\/li>\n    <li>Normal development and possible disorders in children<\/li>\n    <li>The link between visual perception, dyslexia, and dyspraxia<\/li>\n    <li>7 practical exercises to stimulate visual perception<\/li>\n  <\/ul>\n<\/div>\n\n<h2 id=\"acuite\">1. Visual acuity vs visual perception: two distinct things<\/h2>\n\n<p><strong>Visual acuity<\/strong> refers to the eye's ability to form a sharp image \u2014 this is what the ophthalmologist measures with the Snellen chart or Landolt rings. It depends on the optical quality of the eye (cornea, lens, retina) and can be corrected with glasses or contact lenses.<\/p>\n\n<p><strong>Visual perception<\/strong>, on the other hand, is a brain skill \u2014 the brain's ability to process, organize, and interpret the information that the eyes transmit to it. It encompasses shape recognition, discrimination of similar details, spatial organization, understanding relationships between objects in space, visual memory, and figure-ground (distinguishing what is important from the background).<\/p>\n<div class=\"info-box\">\n  <p><strong>&#x1F4CA; A clinically crucial distinction.<\/strong> A child may have 10\/10 visual acuity and still experience major difficulties with visual perception that impact their learning. Conversely, a visually impaired child may have remarkably well-developed visual perception. These two dimensions are independent and must be evaluated separately. An examination by an ophthalmologist does not detect visual perception disorders \u2014 these fall under the expertise of the orthoptist, neuropsychologist, or occupational therapist.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n<h2 id=\"chemin\">2. The visual pathway in the brain<\/h2>\n\n<h3>From the retina to the primary visual cortex<\/h3>\n\n<p>The pathway of visual information begins at the retina, where photoreceptors (cones and rods) convert light into electrical signals. These signals travel via the optic nerves to the lateral geniculate body of the thalamus, and then to the <strong>primary visual cortex<\/strong> (V1) located in the occipital lobe. V1 processes the basic characteristics of the image \u2014 contour orientation, spatial frequencies, simple movements.<\/p>\n\n<h3>The two visual pathways: ventral and dorsal<\/h3>\n\n<p>From V1, visual information splits into two major parallel processing pathways. The <strong>ventral pathway<\/strong> (or \"what\" pathway) descends to the temporal lobes and specializes in identifying objects, faces, and written words \u2014 it answers the question \"what is it?\". The <strong>dorsal pathway<\/strong> (or \"where\/how\" pathway) ascends to the parietal lobes and specializes in the spatial localization of objects and the guidance of visuomotor actions \u2014 it answers \"where is it?\" and \"how do I get there?\".<\/p>\n\n<p>This dual architecture explains why brain lesions in different regions produce very different visual deficits: a temporal lesion may cause an inability to recognize familiar faces (prosopagnosia) while leaving intact the ability to locate and grasp objects; a parietal lesion may cause the opposite.<\/p>\n\n<h2 id=\"composantes\">3. The 6 components of visual perception<\/h2>\n\n<div class=\"comp-grid\">\n  <div class=\"comp-card\">\n    <div class=\"comp-card-title\">&#x1F50D; Visual discrimination<\/div>\n    <p>Ability to detect similarities and differences between shapes, letters, or objects. Essential for distinguishing b\/d, p\/q, 6\/9.<\/p>\n  <\/div>\n  <div class=\"comp-card\">\n    <div class=\"comp-card-title\">&#x1F5BC;&#xFE0F; Figure-ground<\/div>\n    <p>Ability to isolate a shape from its background. A struggling child \"loses\" the line while reading or cannot find an object in a cluttered drawer.<\/p>\n  <\/div>\n  <div class=\"comp-card\">\n    <div class=\"comp-card-title\">&#x1F504; Shape constancy<\/div>\n    <p>Recognizing the same shape\/letter regardless of its size, orientation, or context. Fundamental for reading varied fonts.<\/p>\n  <\/div>\n  <div class=\"comp-card\">\n    <div class=\"comp-card-title\">&#x1F4CD; Spatial perception<\/div>\n    <p>Understanding the position of objects in space and their relationship to one another. Involved in writing, geometry, and reading maps.<\/p>\n  <\/div>\n  <div class=\"comp-card\">\n    <div class=\"comp-card-title\">&#x26AA; Visual closure<\/div>\n    <p>Mental completion of a partially visible figure. Allows recognition of a word even if some letters are barely legible.<\/p>\n  <\/div>\n  <div class=\"comp-card\">\n<div class=\"comp-card-title\">&#x1F4AD; Visual memory<\/div>\n    <p>Retain and reproduce a shape after observing it. Fundamental for spelling, copying tables, and remembering faces.<\/p>\n  <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<h2 id=\"developpement\">4. Development of visual perception in children<\/h2>\n\n<p>Visual perception develops gradually from birth to adolescence. At birth, the newborn only perceives strong contrasts at a short distance (20-30 cm). The discrimination of simple shapes emerges in the first months. The recognition of faces develops very early \u2014 around 2-3 months, the infant prefers their mother's face to that of a stranger.<\/p>\n\n<p>The perception of spatial relationships and the discrimination of complex shapes mainly develop between ages 3 and 7. It is during this window that activities such as drawing, puzzles, construction, and arts and crafts have the most impact on the development of visual perception. Visual memory and shape constancy refine until adolescence.<\/p>\n\n<p>An important point: <strong>lateralization<\/strong> (the ability to clearly know if one is right-handed or left-handed) is closely linked to the development of spatial perception. An unestablished lateralization at ages 6-7 can generate left-right confusion that impacts reading (mirror letters) and writing.<\/p>\n\n<h2 id=\"troubles\">5. Disorders of visual perception<\/h2>\n\n<p>Visual perception disorders in children often manifest at the onset of reading and writing, as these learnings intensively engage all components of visual perception \u2014 letter discrimination, visual memory of words, spatial organization of lines and the page.<\/p>\n\n<table class=\"comparison-table\">\n  <thead>\n    <tr>\n      <th>Component<\/th>\n      <th>Signs of a possible disorder<\/th>\n      <th>Typical school impacts<\/th>\n    <\/tr>\n  <\/thead>\n  <tbody>\n    <tr>\n      <td>Visual discrimination<\/td>\n      <td>Persistent confusion b\/d\/p\/q, 6\/9, u\/n<\/td>\n      <td>Decoding errors, confusions in reading and writing<\/td>\n    <\/tr>\n    <tr>\n      <td>Figure-ground<\/td>\n      <td>Losing one's place in a text, not finding an object in a cluttered space<\/td>\n      <td>Reading difficulties, problems with desk organization<\/td>\n    <\/tr>\n    <tr>\n      <td>Spatial perception<\/td>\n      <td>Persistent left-right confusion, misaligned text, disordered geometric sketches<\/td>\n      <td>Irregular writing, difficulties in geometry and sports<\/td>\n    <\/tr>\n    <tr>\n      <td>Visual memory<\/td>\n      <td>Highly variable spelling, difficulties copying from the board<\/td>\n      <td>Illogical spelling mistakes, slow copying<\/td>\n    <\/tr>\n    <tr>\n      <td>Shape constancy<\/td>\n      <td>Difficulty recognizing a word in a different font or size<\/td>\n      <td>Hesitant reading, dependence on the usual font<\/td>\n    <\/tr>\n  <\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n<h2 id=\"dyslexie\">6. Link with dyslexia and dyspraxia<\/h2>\n\n<h3>Visual perception and dyslexia<\/h3>\n\n<p>Dyslexia is primarily a phonological disorder \u2014 a difficulty in processing the sounds of language and associating them with letters. However, difficulties in visual perception can coexist and exacerbate reading difficulties. The confusion of mirror letters (b\/d, p\/q) is often attributed to dyslexia when it may stem from a specific visual perception disorder or lateralization issue. An orthoptic and neuropsychological evaluation can distinguish between the two.<\/p>\n\n<h3>Visual perception and dyspraxia<\/h3>\n\n<p>Dyspraxia (Developmental Coordination Disorder, DCD) frequently involves difficulties in visuo-spatial perception \u2014 the dorsal pathway that guides motor actions in space. Dyspraxic children often struggle to copy geometric figures, organize their workspace, complete puzzles, or engage in sports that require quickly locating moving objects. Rehabilitation of visuo-spatial perception is an integral part of care in psychomotricity and occupational therapy.<\/p>\n<div class=\"tool-box\">\n  <div class=\"tool-box-label\">&#x1F9EA; DYNSEO Tool<\/div>\n  <div class=\"tool-box-title\">Session Tracking Sheet<\/div>\n  <p>For orthoptists, occupational therapists, and psychomotor therapists working on visual perception, the DYNSEO Session Tracking Sheet allows for documenting progress on each component and adapting the rehabilitation program based on observed changes.<\/p>\n  <a href=\"https:\/\/www.dynseo.com\/nos-outils\/fiche-suivi-seance\/\" class=\"btn-tool\">Discover the tool &#x2192;<\/a>\n<\/div>\n\n<h2 id=\"vieillissement\">7. Visual Perception and Aging<\/h2>\n\n<p>Aging affects visual perception in several ways. Contrast discrimination \u2014 the ability to distinguish close shades of gray \u2014 gradually decreases. The speed of visual processing slows down. Sensitivity to movement in the periphery of the visual field reduces, which has significant implications for driving. Figure-ground becomes less effective, which can contribute to difficulties in finding objects or reading on busy backgrounds.<\/p>\n\n<p>These changes are normal up to a certain point. But a rapid or asymmetric degradation of visual perception may signal an eye pathology (AMD, glaucoma) or neurological condition (Alzheimer's disease, Stroke) that warrants medical consultation.<\/p>\n\n<h2 id=\"neurologie\">8. Neurological Aspects: Agnosia and Prosopagnosia<\/h2>\n\n<p>Cases of brain lesions affecting visual perception have provided neuroscience with some of its most spectacular discoveries about the functioning of the visual brain. <strong>Visual agnosia<\/strong> \u2014 the inability to visually recognize objects despite preserved visual acuity \u2014 can be extremely selective: some patients cannot recognize objects but perfectly recognize faces, while others do the opposite.<\/p>\n\n<p><strong>Prosopagnosia<\/strong> \u2014 the inability to recognize faces, even familiar ones \u2014 dramatically illustrates the specificity of visual perception circuits. Prosopagnosic patients recognize that they see a human face, but cannot identify whose it is \u2014 not even their own in a mirror. This dissociation between seeing and recognizing shows that face recognition is processed by a specialized circuit in the temporal fusiform gyrus, distinct from object recognition circuits.<\/p>\n\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.dynseo.com\/nos-outils\/decodeur-dexpressions-faciales\/\" class=\"internal-link\">\n  <div class=\"internal-link-icon\">&#x1F50D;<\/div>\n  <div class=\"internal-link-content\">\n    <div class=\"internal-link-label\">DYNSEO Tool<\/div>\n    <div class=\"internal-link-title\">Facial Expression Decoder<\/div>\n    <div class=\"internal-link-desc\">Recognizing facial expressions directly relies on the visual perception circuits of faces. This tool allows for progressively and gamified training of this skill.<\/div>\n  <\/div>\n<div class=\"internal-link-arrow\">&#x2192;<\/div>\n<\/a>\n\n<h2 id=\"exercices\">9. Seven exercises to stimulate visual perception<\/h2>\n\n<ul class=\"numbered-list\">\n  <li><strong>Games of 7 errors and images with differences:<\/strong> Intensively solicit visual discrimination and figure-ground. Progress from simple scenes to complex images. Comment on the differences found to anchor perceptual learning.<\/li>\n  <li><strong>Puzzles:<\/strong> The puzzle is the king exercise of visual perception \u2014 it simultaneously solicits shape discrimination, shape constancy, spatial perception, and figure-ground. Progress from 20-piece puzzles to complex compositions.<\/li>\n  <li><strong>Copies of geometric figures:<\/strong> Copying figures of increasing complexity (squares, diamonds, nested figures) trains spatial perception and visuomotor coordination. Rey's complex figure test is a standardized version of this exercise.<\/li>\n  <li><strong>Labyrinths and visual paths:<\/strong> Visually following a path (without touching the paper) trains visual tracking, figure-ground, and shape constancy. Progress from simple mazes to complex intertwined paths.<\/li>\n  <li><strong>Kim's games:<\/strong> Observe a series of objects, cover them, then identify those that have disappeared or changed places. Trains short-term visual memory and spatial discrimination.<\/li>\n  <li><strong>Spatial construction activities:<\/strong> Reproduce constructions with cubes or Lego according to a model \u2014 in 3D or from a 2D diagram. Intensively solicits spatial perception and mental rotation.<\/li>\n  <li><strong>Facial expression recognition:<\/strong> Training the recognition of micro-expressions and emotions on faces solicits the visual circuits specialized in facial recognition \u2014 a skill at the junction of visual perception and social cognition.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<div class=\"tool-box\">\n  <div class=\"tool-box-label\">&#x1F9E9; DYNSEO Applications<\/div>\n  <div class=\"tool-box-title\">COCO (children) &amp; CLINT (adults)<\/div>\n  <p>COCO and CLINT offer cognitive games that engage visual perception in age-appropriate and engaging formats. Visual discrimination, shape memory, and visual attention exercises are regularly trained in both applications.<\/p>\n  <a href=\"https:\/\/www.dynseo.com\/jeux-de-memoire\/coco-jeux-enfants\/\" class=\"btn-tool\">COCO \u2014 Children &#x2192;<\/a>\n<\/div>\n\n<h2 id=\"outils\">10. Monitoring and training tools<\/h2>\n\n<p>Training visual perception is more effective when it is regular, progressive, and documented. For professionals who support children or adults with visual perception difficulties \u2014 orthoptists, occupational therapists, psychomotor therapists, special education teachers \u2014 systematic tracking of progress is essential to adapt exercises and value acquisitions.<\/p>\n\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.dynseo.com\/en\/brain-games-apps\/clint-brain-games-for-adults\/\" class=\"internal-link\">\n  <div class=\"internal-link-icon\">&#x1F3AE;<\/div>\n  <div class=\"internal-link-content\">\n    <div class=\"internal-link-label\">DYNSEO Application<\/div>\n    <div class=\"internal-link-title\">CLINT \u2014 Cognitive training for adults<\/div>\n    <div class=\"internal-link-desc\">CLINT offers adults a variety of cognitive exercises including activities for visual perception and attention \u2014 for regular and motivating training.<\/div>\n  <\/div>\n  <div class=\"internal-link-arrow\">&#x2192;<\/div>\n<\/a>\n\n<div class=\"cta-box\">\n  <h3>&#x1F441;&#xFE0F; Stimulate your visual perception with DYNSEO<\/h3>\n  <p>Visual perception develops and is maintained with the right exercises. Our cognitive tools and tests support you in evaluating and strengthening these skills at any age.<\/p>\n  <div class=\"cta-buttons\">\n    <a href=\"https:\/\/www.dynseo.com\/test-concentration-attention\/\" class=\"btn-cta-white\">&#x1F3AF; Concentration test<\/a>\n    <a href=\"https:\/\/www.dynseo.com\/nos-outils\/\" class=\"btn-cta-outline\">All tools &#x2192;<\/a>\n  <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"article-tags\">\n  <a href=\"#\" class=\"article-tag\">visual perception<\/a>\n  <a href=\"#\" class=\"article-tag\">brain visual processing<\/a>\n  <a href=\"#\" class=\"article-tag\">child perception disorders<\/a>\n  <a href=\"#\" class=\"article-tag\">dyslexia dyspraxia vision<\/a>\n  <a href=\"#\" class=\"article-tag\">visual discrimination<\/a>\n  <a href=\"#\" class=\"article-tag\">visual memory<\/a>\n  <a href=\"#\" class=\"article-tag\">agnosia prosopagnosia<\/a>\n  <a href=\"#\" class=\"article-tag\">DYNSEO visual cognition<\/a>\n<\/div>\n\n<\/article>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<\/div>[\/et_pb_code][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section]","_et_gb_content_width":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[2915],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-533772","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-les-conseils-des-coachs"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Visual Perception: Functioning, Disorders and Stimulation Exercises | DYNSEO - DYNSEO - Educational apps &amp; 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