{"id":748398,"date":"2026-07-22T12:29:07","date_gmt":"2026-07-22T10:29:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.dynseo.com\/fonctions-executives-et-parkinson-exercices-pratiques-pour-les-preserver-dynseo-2\/"},"modified":"2026-08-31T05:04:58","modified_gmt":"2026-08-31T03:04:58","slug":"executive-functions-and-parkinsons-practical-exercises-to-preserve-them","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.dynseo.com\/en\/executive-functions-and-parkinsons-practical-exercises-to-preserve-them\/","title":{"rendered":"Executive Functions and Parkinson&#8217;s: Practical Exercises to Preserve Them"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>[et_pb_section fb_built=&#8221;1&#8243; admin_label=&#8221;Article HTML&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.16&#8243; custom_padding=&#8221;0px||0px||false|false&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_row admin_label=&#8221;Contenu&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.16&#8243; width=&#8221;100%&#8221; max_width=&#8221;100%&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;0px||0px||false|false&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;4_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.16&#8243; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_code admin_label=&#8221;HTML import\u00e9&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.16&#8243; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<br \/>\n:root{&#8211;blue:#5e5ed7;&#8211;blue-dark:#5268c9;&#8211;teal:#a9e2e4;&#8211;yellow:#ffeca7;&#8211;pink:#e73469;&#8211;light-bg:#f8f9ff;&#8211;text:#2d2d4e;&#8211;text-light:#6b6b8a;&#8211;br:14px;&#8211;shc:0 2px 18px rgba(94,94,215,.08)}<br \/>\n@import url(&#8216;https:\/\/fonts.googleapis.com\/css2?family=Montserrat:wght@400;600;700;800&amp;family=Poppins:wght@300;400;500&amp;display=swap&#8217;);<\/p>\n<p>* {box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}<br \/>\n.dbi-art-a11be9 {font-family:&#8217;Poppins&#8217;,sans-serif;color:var(&#8211;text);background:#fff;line-height:1.85;font-size:16px}<br \/>\n.dbi-art-a11be9 h1, .dbi-art-a11be9 h2, .dbi-art-a11be9 h3, .dbi-art-a11be9 h4, .dbi-art-a11be9 h5 {font-family:&#8217;Montserrat&#8217;,sans-serif}<br \/>\n.dbi-art-a11be9 .hero {background:linear-gradient(135deg,#0a2040 0%,var(&#8211;blue) 55%,#2a7a9a 100%);color:#fff;padding:72px 20px 56px;text-align:center}<br \/>\n.dbi-art-a11be9 .hero-tag {display:inline-block;background:rgba(255,255,255,.18);border:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.3);color:#fff;padding:5px 18px;border-radius:50px;font-size:12px;font-weight:600;letter-spacing:1px;text-transform:uppercase;margin-bottom:22px}<br \/>\n.dbi-art-a11be9 .hero h1 {font-size:clamp(26px,3.8vw,42px);font-weight:800;line-height:1.2;max-width:840px;margin:0 auto 20px}<br \/>\n.dbi-art-a11be9 .hero-sub {font-size:16px;opacity:.88;max-width:660px;margin:0 auto}<br \/>\n.dbi-art-a11be9 .container {max-width:860px;margin:0 auto;padding:0 24px}<br \/>\n.dbi-art-a11be9 h2 {font-size:clamp(20px,2.8vw,28px);font-weight:800;color:var(&#8211;blue);margin:60px 0 20px;padding-bottom:12px;border-bottom:3px solid var(&#8211;teal)}<br \/>\n.dbi-art-a11be9 h3 {font-size:19px;font-weight:700;color:var(&#8211;blue-dark);margin:38px 0 14px}<br \/>\n.dbi-art-a11be9 h4 {font-size:16px;font-weight:700;color:var(&#8211;text);margin:24px 0 10px}<br \/>\n.dbi-art-a11be9 p {margin-bottom:18px;line-height:1.85}<br \/>\n.dbi-art-a11be9 a {color:var(&#8211;blue);font-weight:600;text-decoration:none}<br \/>\n.dbi-art-a11be9 a:hover {text-decoration:underline}<br \/>\n.dbi-art-a11be9 .intro-box {border-left:5px solid var(&#8211;blue);background:rgba(94,94,215,.05);padding:28px 32px;border-radius:0 var(&#8211;br) var(&#8211;br) 0;margin:40px 0}<br \/>\n.dbi-art-a11be9 .intro-box p {font-size:17px;margin:0;line-height:1.9}<br \/>\n.dbi-art-a11be9 .hl {background:linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(169,226,228,.22),rgba(255,236,167,.22));border-radius:var(&#8211;br);padding:28px 30px;margin:30px 0;border:1px solid rgba(169,226,228,.5)}<br \/>\n.dbi-art-a11be9 .hl h4 {color:var(&#8211;blue);margin-top:0;margin-bottom:14px}<br \/>\n.dbi-art-a11be9 .tip-box {background:var(&#8211;yellow);border-radius:var(&#8211;br);padding:22px 28px;margin:30px 0}<br \/>\n.dbi-art-a11be9 .tip-box p {margin:0;font-size:15px}<br \/>\n.dbi-art-a11be9 .pink-box {background:rgba(231,52,105,.06);border-left:5px solid var(&#8211;pink);border-radius:0 var(&#8211;br) var(&#8211;br) 0;padding:22px 28px;margin:30px 0}<br \/>\n.dbi-art-a11be9 .pink-box p {margin:0;font-size:15px}<br \/>\n.dbi-art-a11be9 .pink-box strong {color:var(&#8211;pink)}<br \/>\n.dbi-art-a11be9 .teal-box {background:rgba(169,226,228,.15);border-left:5px solid #2aa0a4;border-radius:0 var(&#8211;br) var(&#8211;br) 0;padding:22px 28px;margin:30px 0}<br \/>\n.dbi-art-a11be9 .teal-box p {margin:0;font-size:15px}<br \/>\n.dbi-art-a11be9 .stats-grid {display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(auto-fit,minmax(180px,1fr));gap:14px;margin:28px 0}<br \/>\n.dbi-art-a11be9 .stat-card {border-radius:var(&#8211;br);padding:22px 18px;text-align:center;color:#fff}<br \/>\n.dbi-art-a11be9 .stat-card.blue {background:linear-gradient(135deg,var(&#8211;blue),var(&#8211;blue-dark))}<br \/>\n.dbi-art-a11be9 .stat-card.teal {background:linear-gradient(135deg,#2aa0a4,#1a6e70)}<br \/>\n.dbi-art-a11be9 .stat-card.pink {background:linear-gradient(135deg,var(&#8211;pink),#b02050)}<br \/>\n.dbi-art-a11be9 .stat-card.yellow {background:linear-gradient(135deg,#b07800,#8a5c00)}<br \/>\n.dbi-art-a11be9 .stat-num {font-family:&#8217;Montserrat&#8217;,sans-serif;font-size:30px;font-weight:800;display:block;margin-bottom:6px}<br \/>\n.dbi-art-a11be9 .stat-label {font-size:12px;opacity:.9;line-height:1.4}<br \/>\n.dbi-art-a11be9 .dynseo-table {width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;margin:30px 0;border-radius:var(&#8211;br);overflow:hidden;box-shadow:var(&#8211;shc)}<br \/>\n.dbi-art-a11be9 .dynseo-table thead tr {background:var(&#8211;blue);color:#fff}<br \/>\n.dbi-art-a11be9 .dynseo-table thead th {padding:14px 18px;font-family:&#8217;Montserrat&#8217;,sans-serif;font-size:13px;font-weight:700;text-align:left}<br \/>\n.dbi-art-a11be9 .dynseo-table tbody tr:nth-child(even) {background:rgba(94,94,215,.04)}<br \/>\n.dbi-art-a11be9 .dynseo-table tbody tr:hover {background:rgba(169,226,228,.2)}<br \/>\n.dbi-art-a11be9 .dynseo-table td {padding:13px 18px;font-size:14px;border-bottom:1px solid rgba(94,94,215,.08);vertical-align:top;line-height:1.6}<br \/>\n.dbi-art-a11be9 .dynseo-table td strong {color:var(&#8211;blue-dark)}<br \/>\n.dbi-art-a11be9 .badge {display:inline-block;padding:3px 10px;border-radius:50px;font-size:11px;font-weight:700;text-transform:uppercase}<br \/>\n.dbi-art-a11be9 .badge-green {background:rgba(58,170,120,.15);color:#1a6e50}<br \/>\n.dbi-art-a11be9 .badge-yellow {background:rgba(196,144,0,.12);color:#7a5800}<br \/>\n.dbi-art-a11be9 .badge-blue {background:rgba(94,94,215,.12);color:var(&#8211;blue)}<br \/>\n.dbi-art-a11be9 .badge-pink {background:rgba(231,52,105,.12);color:var(&#8211;pink)}<br \/>\n.dbi-art-a11be9 .formation-block {background:#fff;border-radius:var(&#8211;br);box-shadow:0 4px 32px rgba(94,94,215,.13);overflow:hidden;margin:44px 0}<br \/>\n.dbi-art-a11be9 .formation-block .fb-body {padding:28px 30px}<br \/>\n.dbi-art-a11be9 .formation-block .fb-tag {display:inline-block;background:rgba(94,94,215,.1);color:var(&#8211;blue);font-size:11px;font-weight:700;text-transform:uppercase;letter-spacing:1px;padding:4px 12px;border-radius:50px;margin-bottom:14px}<br \/>\n.dbi-art-a11be9 .formation-block h3 {margin:0 0 12px;color:var(&#8211;blue);font-size:20px}<br \/>\n.dbi-art-a11be9 .formation-block p {font-size:14px;margin-bottom:18px}<br \/>\n.dbi-art-a11be9 .formation-block .fb-meta {display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:10px;margin-bottom:20px}<br \/>\n.dbi-art-a11be9 .formation-block .fb-meta span {background:var(&#8211;light-bg);padding:5px 12px;border-radius:50px;font-size:12px;font-weight:600;color:var(&#8211;text-light)}<br \/>\n.dbi-art-a11be9 .btn-primary {display:inline-block;background:linear-gradient(135deg,var(&#8211;blue),var(&#8211;blue-dark));color:#fff;font-family:&#8217;Montserrat&#8217;,sans-serif;font-weight:700;font-size:14px;padding:13px 28px;border-radius:50px;text-decoration:none;box-shadow:0 4px 16px rgba(94,94,215,.3)}<br \/>\n.dbi-art-a11be9 .cta-block {background:linear-gradient(135deg,var(&#8211;blue-dark),var(&#8211;blue));border-radius:var(&#8211;br);padding:40px 32px;margin:52px 0;color:#fff;text-align:center}<br \/>\n.dbi-art-a11be9 .cta-block h3 {color:#fff;margin:0 0 12px;font-size:22px}<br \/>\n.dbi-art-a11be9 .cta-block p {color:rgba(255,255,255,.88);margin:0 auto 24px;max-width:580px;font-size:15px}<br \/>\n.dbi-art-a11be9 .cta-block .btns {display:flex;gap:12px;justify-content:center;flex-wrap:wrap}<br \/>\n.dbi-art-a11be9 .btn-white {display:inline-block;background:#fff;color:var(&#8211;blue);font-family:&#8217;Montserrat&#8217;,sans-serif;font-weight:700;font-size:13px;padding:12px 26px;border-radius:50px;text-decoration:none}<br \/>\n.dbi-art-a11be9 .btn-outline {display:inline-block;background:transparent;border:2px solid rgba(255,255,255,.6);color:#fff;font-family:&#8217;Montserrat&#8217;,sans-serif;font-weight:600;font-size:13px;padding:11px 24px;border-radius:50px;text-decoration:none}<br \/>\n.dbi-art-a11be9 .tools-grid {display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(auto-fit,minmax(220px,1fr));gap:12px;margin:24px 0}<br \/>\n.dbi-art-a11be9 .tool-card {background:var(&#8211;light-bg);border-radius:10px;padding:16px 18px;border:1px solid rgba(94,94,215,.1)}<br \/>\n.dbi-art-a11be9 .tool-card h5 {font-size:13px;font-weight:700;color:var(&#8211;blue);margin-bottom:6px}<br \/>\n.dbi-art-a11be9 .tool-card p {font-size:12px;color:var(&#8211;text-light);margin:0 0 8px}<br \/>\n.dbi-art-a11be9 .tool-card a {font-size:12px;color:var(&#8211;blue);font-weight:600}<br \/>\n.dbi-art-a11be9 .appli-grid {display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(auto-fit,minmax(200px,1fr));gap:14px;margin:24px 0}<br \/>\n.dbi-art-a11be9 .appli-card {background:#fff;border-radius:var(&#8211;br);padding:18px;box-shadow:var(&#8211;shc);border:1px solid rgba(94,94,215,.08)}<br \/>\n.dbi-art-a11be9 .appli-card h5 {font-size:13px;font-weight:700;color:var(&#8211;blue);margin-bottom:8px}<br \/>\n.dbi-art-a11be9 .appli-card p {font-size:12px;color:var(&#8211;text-light);margin:0 0 10px}<br \/>\n.dbi-art-a11be9 .appli-card a {font-size:12px;color:var(&#8211;blue);font-weight:600}<br \/>\n.dbi-art-a11be9 .formations-links {display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(auto-fit,minmax(260px,1fr));gap:12px;margin:24px 0}<br \/>\n.dbi-art-a11be9 .formation-link {background:#fff;border-radius:10px;padding:16px 20px;box-shadow:var(&#8211;shc);border-left:4px solid var(&#8211;blue);display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:6px}<br \/>\n.dbi-art-a11be9 .formation-link span {font-size:12px;color:var(&#8211;text-light)}<br \/>\n.dbi-art-a11be9 .formation-link a {font-size:14px;font-weight:700;color:var(&#8211;blue-dark)}<br \/>\n.dbi-art-a11be9 .faq-section {background:var(&#8211;light-bg);padding:56px 24px;margin-top:56px}<br \/>\n.dbi-art-a11be9 .faq-section h2 {color:var(&#8211;blue)}<br \/>\n.dbi-art-a11be9 .faq-item {background:#fff;border-radius:var(&#8211;br);padding:26px 30px;margin-bottom:14px;box-shadow:var(&#8211;shc)}<br \/>\n.dbi-art-a11be9 .faq-item h4 {font-size:15px;color:var(&#8211;blue);margin-bottom:12px}<br \/>\n.dbi-art-a11be9 .faq-item p {font-size:14px;margin:0;line-height:1.75}<br \/>\n.dbi-art-a11be9 footer {background:linear-gradient(135deg,var(&#8211;blue),var(&#8211;blue-dark));color:#fff;padding:40px 24px;text-align:center}<br \/>\n.dbi-art-a11be9 footer p {font-size:13px;color:rgba(255,255,255,.78);margin-bottom:16px}<br \/>\n.dbi-art-a11be9 .footer-links {display:flex;justify-content:center;gap:10px;flex-wrap:wrap}<br \/>\n.dbi-art-a11be9 .footer-links a {color:#fff;font-size:12px;font-weight:600;text-decoration:none;padding:6px 16px;border:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.28);border-radius:50px}<br \/>\n.dbi-art-a11be9 .process-track {margin:32px 0}<br \/>\n.dbi-art-a11be9 .process-step {display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;gap:16px;margin-bottom:20px;align-items:start}<br \/>\n@media(max-width:580px) {<br \/>\n.dbi-art-a11be9 .process-step {grid-template-columns:1fr}<br \/>\n}<br \/>\n.dbi-art-a11be9 .ps-standard {background:rgba(231,52,105,.04);border:1px solid rgba(231,52,105,.15);border-radius:var(&#8211;br);padding:16px 18px}<br \/>\n.dbi-art-a11be9 .ps-adapted {background:rgba(58,170,120,.05);border:1px solid rgba(58,170,120,.2);border-radius:var(&#8211;br);padding:16px 18px}<br \/>\n.dbi-art-a11be9 .ps-label {font-size:11px;font-weight:700;text-transform:uppercase;letter-spacing:.5px;margin-bottom:8px;display:block}<br \/>\n.dbi-art-a11be9 .ps-standard .ps-label {color:var(&#8211;pink)}<br \/>\n.dbi-art-a11be9 .ps-adapted .ps-label {color:#1a6e50}<br \/>\n.dbi-art-a11be9 .ps-standard h5, .dbi-art-a11be9 .ps-adapted h5 {font-family:&#8217;Montserrat&#8217;,sans-serif;font-size:13px;font-weight:700;margin-bottom:6px;color:var(&#8211;text)}<br \/>\n.dbi-art-a11be9 .ps-standard p, .dbi-art-a11be9 .ps-adapted p {font-size:12px;color:var(&#8211;text-light);margin:0;line-height:1.5}<br \/>\n.dbi-art-a11be9 .fe-section {margin:40px 0}<br \/>\n.dbi-art-a11be9 .fe-section-header {display:flex;align-items:center;gap:14px;background:linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(94,94,215,.08),rgba(169,226,228,.12));border-radius:var(&#8211;br);padding:16px 20px;margin-bottom:20px;border-left:5px solid var(&#8211;blue)}<br \/>\n.dbi-art-a11be9 .fe-section-header .fe-icon {font-size:28px}<br \/>\n.dbi-art-a11be9 .fe-section-header div h3 {margin:0;font-size:16px;color:var(&#8211;blue)}<br \/>\n.dbi-art-a11be9 .fe-section-header div span {font-size:12px;color:var(&#8211;text-light);display:block;margin-top:2px}<br \/>\n.dbi-art-a11be9 .fe-exo-grid {display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(auto-fit,minmax(240px,1fr));gap:14px}<br \/>\n.dbi-art-a11be9 .fe-exo {background:#fff;border-radius:var(&#8211;br);padding:20px 18px;box-shadow:var(&#8211;shc);border-top:3px solid var(&#8211;teal)}<br \/>\n.dbi-art-a11be9 .fe-exo.pink-t {border-top-color:var(&#8211;pink)}<br \/>\n.dbi-art-a11be9 .fe-exo.blue-t {border-top-color:var(&#8211;blue)}<br \/>\n.dbi-art-a11be9 .fe-exo.yellow-t {border-top-color:#c49000}<br \/>\n.dbi-art-a11be9 .fe-exo h5 {font-family:&#8217;Montserrat&#8217;,sans-serif;font-size:13px;font-weight:700;color:var(&#8211;blue-dark);margin-bottom:8px}<br \/>\n.dbi-art-a11be9 .fe-exo p {font-size:12px;color:var(&#8211;text-light);margin:0 0 8px;line-height:1.55}<br \/>\n.dbi-art-a11be9 .fe-exo .fe-meta {display:flex;gap:6px;flex-wrap:wrap;margin-top:6px}<br \/>\n.dbi-art-a11be9 .fe-badge {font-size:10px;font-weight:700;padding:2px 8px;border-radius:50px;background:var(&#8211;light-bg);color:var(&#8211;text-light)}<br \/>\n.dbi-art-a11be9 .schedule-row {display:grid;grid-template-columns:140px 1fr 80px;gap:12px;padding:12px 16px;border-radius:8px;margin-bottom:8px;font-size:13px;align-items:center}<br \/>\n.dbi-art-a11be9 .schedule-row:nth-child(odd) {background:var(&#8211;light-bg)}<br \/>\n.dbi-art-a11be9 .schedule-row:nth-child(even) {background:#fff;box-shadow:var(&#8211;shc)}<br \/>\n.dbi-art-a11be9 .schedule-row .sr-time {font-weight:700;color:var(&#8211;blue-dark)}<br \/>\n.dbi-art-a11be9 .schedule-row .sr-label {font-size:11px;color:#1a6e50;font-weight:700;text-align:right}<\/p>\n<div class=\"dbi-art-a11be9\">\n<header class=\"hero\">\n<div class=\"hero-tag\">\ud83e\udde0 Parkinson \u00b7 Fonctions ex\u00e9cutives \u00b7 Programme de pr\u00e9servation \u00b7 Neuropsychologie<\/div>\n<h1>Fonctions ex\u00e9cutives et Parkinson : exercices pratiques pour les pr\u00e9server<\/h1>\n<pee class=\"hero-sub\">La maladie de Parkinson affecte les fonctions ex\u00e9cutives d\u00e8s les stades pr\u00e9coces \u2014 planification, flexibilit\u00e9, inhibition, m\u00e9moire de travail, attention. Ce programme de 20 exercices cibl\u00e9s, adapt\u00e9 aux sp\u00e9cificit\u00e9s de Parkinson, permet de les pr\u00e9server et de maintenir l&#8217;autonomie plus longtemps.<\/pee>\n<\/header>\n<p><main class=\"container\"><\/p>\n<div class=\"intro-box\"><pee>La maladie de Parkinson est connue pour ses sympt\u00f4mes moteurs \u2014 tremblements, rigidit\u00e9, bradykin\u00e9sie. Mais au-del\u00e0 du tableau moteur, un autre terrain neuropsychologique s&#8217;\u00e9rode progressivement et de fa\u00e7on souvent silencieuse : les <strong>fonctions ex\u00e9cutives<\/strong>. Ces capacit\u00e9s de haut niveau \u2014 planifier une s\u00e9quence d&#8217;actions, s&#8217;adapter quand les r\u00e8gles changent, r\u00e9sister \u00e0 une impulsion, maintenir plusieurs informations \u00e0 l&#8217;esprit simultan\u00e9ment \u2014 sont pr\u00e9cis\u00e9ment celles dont d\u00e9pend l&#8217;autonomie quotidienne. Se pr\u00e9parer le matin, g\u00e9rer ses m\u00e9dicaments, cuisiner un repas, g\u00e9rer son agenda : toutes ces activit\u00e9s mobilisent les fonctions ex\u00e9cutives. Ce guide propose un programme de 20 exercices pratiques organis\u00e9s par fonction ex\u00e9cutive, sp\u00e9cifiquement con\u00e7us pour les contraintes de la maladie de Parkinson \u2014 adapt\u00e9s aux fluctuations on\/off, accessibles malgr\u00e9 les sympt\u00f4mes moteurs, et progressifs pour suivre l&#8217;\u00e9volution de chaque patient.<\/pee><\/div>\n<h2>1. Les fonctions ex\u00e9cutives dans la maladie de Parkinson<\/h2>\n<h3>1.1 Pourquoi Parkinson touche sp\u00e9cifiquement les fonctions ex\u00e9cutives<\/h3>\n<pee>Les fonctions ex\u00e9cutives (FE) sont principalement sous-tendues par le <strong>cortex pr\u00e9frontal<\/strong> et ses connexions avec les ganglions de la base \u2014 les noyaux gris centraux au c\u0153ur de la pathologie parkinsonienne. La maladie de Parkinson provoque une d\u00e9pl\u00e9tion dopaminergique dans les circuits nigro-stri\u00e9s qui gouvernent non seulement le contr\u00f4le moteur mais aussi les boucles fronto-striatales impliqu\u00e9es dans les FE. D\u00e8s les stades pr\u00e9coces de la maladie, avant m\u00eame que les troubles moteurs soient invalidants, des d\u00e9ficits subtils des fonctions ex\u00e9cutives sont d\u00e9tectables par des tests neuropsychologiques sensibles.<\/pee>\n<pee>Ces d\u00e9ficits ex\u00e9cutifs parkinsoniens ont un profil caract\u00e9ristique : ils touchent prioritairement la <strong>flexibilit\u00e9 cognitive<\/strong> (la difficult\u00e9 \u00e0 changer de strat\u00e9gie ou \u00e0 s&#8217;adapter \u00e0 de nouvelles r\u00e8gles), la <strong>fluidit\u00e9 verbale<\/strong> (notamment la fluence de g\u00e9n\u00e9ration), la <strong>planification<\/strong> (difficult\u00e9 \u00e0 organiser des s\u00e9quences d&#8217;actions complexes), et la <strong>m\u00e9moire de travail<\/strong> (r\u00e9duisant la capacit\u00e9 \u00e0 maintenir et manipuler plusieurs informations simultan\u00e9ment). Ces d\u00e9ficits sont distincts de ceux observ\u00e9s dans la maladie d&#8217;Alzheimer \u2014 o\u00f9 la m\u00e9moire \u00e9pisodique est touch\u00e9e en priorit\u00e9 \u2014 ce qui explique pourquoi les personnes atteintes de Parkinson peuvent avoir des difficult\u00e9s \u00e0 planifier un voyage tout en se souvenant parfaitement de leur dernier anniversaire.<\/pee>\n<div class=\"stats-grid\">\n<div class=\"stat-card blue\">\n    <span class=\"stat-num\">50\u201370 %<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"stat-label\">des patients Parkinson pr\u00e9sentent des d\u00e9ficits ex\u00e9cutifs mesurables d\u00e8s les stades pr\u00e9coces (Aarsland et al., 2017)<\/span>\n  <\/div>\n<div class=\"stat-card teal\">\n    <span class=\"stat-num\">3\u20135 ans<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"stat-label\">d&#8217;avance : les d\u00e9ficits ex\u00e9cutifs pr\u00e9c\u00e8dent souvent les d\u00e9ficits de m\u00e9moire dans Parkinson, contrairement \u00e0 Alzheimer<\/span>\n  <\/div>\n<div class=\"stat-card pink\">\n    <span class=\"stat-num\">+40 %<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"stat-label\">d&#8217;am\u00e9lioration des FE chez les patients Parkinson suivant un programme combin\u00e9 stimulation cognitive + activit\u00e9 physique vs. contr\u00f4le (Cruise et al., 2021)<\/span>\n  <\/div>\n<div class=\"stat-card yellow\">\n    <span class=\"stat-num\">5 FE<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"stat-label\">principalement touch\u00e9es : planification, flexibilit\u00e9, inhibition, m\u00e9moire de travail, attention divis\u00e9e \u2014 programme sp\u00e9cifique pour chacune<\/span>\n  <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h3>1.2 Le tableau clinique : comment les d\u00e9ficits ex\u00e9cutifs se manifestent au quotidien<\/h3>\n<pee>Les d\u00e9ficits ex\u00e9cutifs parkinsoniens ne se manifestent pas toujours de fa\u00e7on \u00e9vidente lors d&#8217;une conversation ordinaire \u2014 c&#8217;est pourquoi ils sont souvent sous-estim\u00e9s par les patients eux-m\u00eames et par leur entourage. Ils deviennent apparents lors de t\u00e2ches qui exigent une organisation complexe, une adaptation rapide ou une gestion simultan\u00e9e de plusieurs informations.<\/pee>\n<table class=\"dynseo-table\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Fonction ex\u00e9cutive<\/th>\n<th>D\u00e9ficit dans Parkinson<\/th>\n<th>Manifestation quotidienne<\/th>\n<th>Impact sur l&#8217;autonomie<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Planification<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><span class=\"badge badge-pink\">Mod\u00e9r\u00e9 \u00e0 s\u00e9v\u00e8re<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Difficult\u00e9 \u00e0 organiser une s\u00e9quence d&#8217;actions (recette, trajet), oubli d&#8217;\u00e9tapes<\/td>\n<td>Cuisine, gestion des m\u00e9dicaments, pr\u00e9paration des sorties<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Flexibilit\u00e9 cognitive<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><span class=\"badge badge-pink\">Touch\u00e9 pr\u00e9cocement<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Pers\u00e9v\u00e9ration sur une strat\u00e9gie m\u00eame quand elle ne marche plus, difficult\u00e9 \u00e0 changer de sujet ou de t\u00e2che<\/td>\n<td>Adaptation aux impr\u00e9vus, conversations sociales, conduite<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Inhibition<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><span class=\"badge badge-yellow\">Variable<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Tendance \u00e0 finaliser les mouvements automatiques (freeze paradoxal), r\u00e9ponses impulsives, difficult\u00e9 \u00e0 ignorer les distracteurs<\/td>\n<td>S\u00e9curit\u00e9 \u00e0 domicile, gestion des achats impulsifs, conversations<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>M\u00e9moire de travail<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><span class=\"badge badge-pink\">Mod\u00e9r\u00e9<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Perd le fil d&#8217;une conversation, oublie ce qu&#8217;il faisait en passant d&#8217;une pi\u00e8ce \u00e0 l&#8217;autre, difficult\u00e9 \u00e0 faire deux choses \u00e0 la fois<\/td>\n<td>Double t\u00e2che, gestion de l&#8217;agenda, suivi des conversations<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Attention divis\u00e9e<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><span class=\"badge badge-pink\">Touch\u00e9 pr\u00e9cocement<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Difficult\u00e9s marqu\u00e9es \u00e0 partager l&#8217;attention entre deux t\u00e2ches simultan\u00e9es \u2014 particuli\u00e8rement la double t\u00e2che marche + parler<\/td>\n<td>S\u00e9curit\u00e9 \u00e0 la marche, cuisine, conversation pendant une activit\u00e9<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h3>1.3 La double t\u00e2che : d\u00e9fi sp\u00e9cifique de Parkinson<\/h3>\n<pee>L&#8217;une des manifestations les plus sp\u00e9cifiques et les plus document\u00e9es des d\u00e9ficits ex\u00e9cutifs dans Parkinson est la difficult\u00e9 avec les <strong>doubles t\u00e2ches<\/strong> \u2014 effectuer deux activit\u00e9s simultan\u00e9ment. Un ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne bien connu des cliniciens est la d\u00e9t\u00e9rioration de la marche quand le patient parle en m\u00eame temps : la conversation absorbe des ressources attentionnelles qui devraient \u00eatre disponibles pour la r\u00e9gulation automatique de la marche, entra\u00eenant un ralentissement, une instabilit\u00e9 ou m\u00eame une immobilisation (freezing). Ce n&#8217;est pas de la distraction ordinaire \u2014 c&#8217;est une manifestation directe du d\u00e9ficit ex\u00e9cutif frontal dans la gestion de ressources attentionnelles limit\u00e9es.<\/pee>\n<pee>Cette particularit\u00e9 a une implication importante pour le programme d&#8217;exercices : la stimulation des FE chez le patient Parkinson doit inclure des exercices de double t\u00e2che progressifs, mais toujours en garantissant la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 physique \u2014 jamais pendant une marche rapide ou sur un terrain irr\u00e9gulier aux stades mod\u00e9r\u00e9s ou avanc\u00e9s.<\/pee>\n<div class=\"teal-box\"><pee>\ud83e\udde0 <strong>Sp\u00e9cificit\u00e9 Parkinson :<\/strong> Contrairement aux programmes g\u00e9n\u00e9raux de stimulation cognitive, un programme sp\u00e9cifique pour Parkinson doit syst\u00e9matiquement tenir compte des fen\u00eatres on\/off du traitement dopaminergique. Les exercices les plus exigeants sur le plan cognitif (flexibilit\u00e9, inhibition, double t\u00e2che) doivent \u00eatre planifi\u00e9s pendant les phases \u00ab on \u00bb \u2014 soit 30 \u00e0 90 minutes apr\u00e8s la prise du traitement. Les exercices plus doux (planification simple, ancrage autobiographique) peuvent \u00eatre pratiqu\u00e9s en p\u00e9riode de moindre efficacit\u00e9 du traitement.<\/pee><\/div>\n<h2>2. Programme de 20 exercices par fonction ex\u00e9cutive<\/h2>\n<p><!-- FE 1: PLANIFICATION --><\/p>\n<div class=\"fe-section\">\n<div class=\"fe-section-header\">\n<div class=\"fe-icon\">\ud83d\uddfa\ufe0f<\/div>\n<div>\n<h3>FE 1 \u2014 Planification s\u00e9quentielle<\/h3>\n<p>      <span>Organiser une s\u00e9quence d&#8217;actions pour atteindre un objectif \u00b7 Exercices 1\u20134<\/span>\n    <\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"fe-exo-grid\">\n<div class=\"fe-exo\">\n<h5>Planification de la journ\u00e9e en cr\u00e9neaux<\/h5>\n<pee>Chaque matin, planifier la journ\u00e9e en notant 4 \u00e0 6 activit\u00e9s avec leur heure estim\u00e9e et l&#8217;ordre optimal. En fin de journ\u00e9e, comparer plan et r\u00e9alisation : qu&#8217;est-ce qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 modifi\u00e9 ? Pourquoi ? Cette r\u00e9flexion m\u00e9ta-planification renforce les circuits pr\u00e9frontaux de planification tout en restant proche de la vie r\u00e9elle.<\/pee>\n<div class=\"fe-meta\"><span class=\"fe-badge\">\u23f1 8 min<\/span><span class=\"fe-badge\">\ud83d\udcf6 Accessible<\/span><span class=\"fe-badge\">\ud83d\uddd3\ufe0f Fonctionnel<\/span><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"fe-exo\">\n<h5>Tour de Hano\u00ef simplifi\u00e9<\/h5>\n<pee>Version 3 disques du jeu classique (disponible en version physique ou application gratuite) : d\u00e9placer tous les disques d&#8217;une tige \u00e0 une autre en respectant la r\u00e8gle (jamais un grand disque sur un petit). N\u00e9cessite une planification de 7 mouvements minimum. Commencer par 3 disques, viser 4. Excellent exercice de planification arborescente.<\/pee>\n<div class=\"fe-meta\"><span class=\"fe-badge\">\u23f1 10 min<\/span><span class=\"fe-badge\">\ud83d\udcf6 Mod\u00e9r\u00e9<\/span><span class=\"fe-badge\">\u265f\ufe0f Strat\u00e9gie<\/span><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"fe-exo\">\n<h5>Itin\u00e9raire imaginaire<\/h5>\n<pee>Choisir un trajet connu (aller \u00e0 la pharmacie, au march\u00e9) et le planifier verbalement \u00e0 voix haute dans l&#8217;ordre exact : points de d\u00e9part, itin\u00e9raire, arr\u00eats, ordre des achats pour optimiser le parcours, retour. Puis recommencer avec un trajet moins familier. Renforce la planification spatiale et s\u00e9quentielle.<\/pee>\n<div class=\"fe-meta\"><span class=\"fe-badge\">\u23f1 8 min<\/span><span class=\"fe-badge\">\ud83d\udcf6 Mod\u00e9r\u00e9<\/span><span class=\"fe-badge\">\ud83d\uddfa\ufe0f Visuo-spatial<\/span><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"fe-exo\">\n<h5>Recette mentale<\/h5>\n<pee>Choisir une recette famili\u00e8re et reconstituer mentalement toutes les \u00e9tapes dans l&#8217;ordre exact \u2014 avec les ingr\u00e9dients, les dur\u00e9es, l&#8217;ordre d&#8217;utilisation du mat\u00e9riel. V\u00e9rifier ensuite avec la vraie recette. Variante difficile : planifier deux plats simultan\u00e9s en g\u00e9rant les temps de cuisson crois\u00e9s. Tr\u00e8s proche des exigences quotidiennes d&#8217;autonomie.<\/pee>\n<div class=\"fe-meta\"><span class=\"fe-badge\">\u23f1 10 min<\/span><span class=\"fe-badge\">\ud83d\udcf6 Mod\u00e9r\u00e9 \u00e0 stimulant<\/span><span class=\"fe-badge\">\ud83c\udf73 Fonctionnel<\/span><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><!-- FE 2: FLEXIBILIT\u00c9 --><\/p>\n<div class=\"fe-section\">\n<div class=\"fe-section-header\">\n<div class=\"fe-icon\">\ud83d\udd00<\/div>\n<div>\n<h3>FE 2 \u2014 Flexibilit\u00e9 cognitive<\/h3>\n<p>      <span>S&#8217;adapter quand les r\u00e8gles changent \u00b7 Exercices 5\u20138<\/span>\n    <\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"fe-exo-grid\">\n<div class=\"fe-exo pink-t\">\n<h5>T\u00e2che de tri altern\u00e9 (DCCS simplifi\u00e9)<\/h5>\n<pee>Trier des cartes images selon la couleur pendant 2 minutes, puis changer de r\u00e8gle (trier selon la forme, ou selon le nombre d&#8217;\u00e9l\u00e9ments) sur signal. L&#8217;exercice est difficile non pas \u00e0 cause des r\u00e8gles elles-m\u00eames, mais \u00e0 cause de la n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 d&#8217;inhiber la r\u00e8gle pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente. R\u00e9p\u00e9ter l&#8217;alternance 4 \u00e0 6 fois sur la s\u00e9ance.<\/pee>\n<div class=\"fe-meta\"><span class=\"fe-badge\">\u23f1 10 min<\/span><span class=\"fe-badge\">\ud83d\udcf6 Mod\u00e9r\u00e9<\/span><span class=\"fe-badge\">\ud83c\udccf Manipulatoire<\/span><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"fe-exo pink-t\">\n<h5>Lecture altern\u00e9e des nouvelles<\/h5>\n<pee>Lire un article de journal, puis imm\u00e9diatement donner oralement l&#8217;opinion oppos\u00e9e \u00e0 celle exprim\u00e9e dans l&#8217;article. Cet exercice de renversement de perspective mobilise la flexibilit\u00e9 cognitive et la th\u00e9orie de l&#8217;esprit. Commencer avec des sujets neutres (sport, culture), progresser vers des sujets plus complexes (politique, soci\u00e9t\u00e9).<\/pee>\n<div class=\"fe-meta\"><span class=\"fe-badge\">\u23f1 8 min<\/span><span class=\"fe-badge\">\ud83d\udcf6 Stimulant<\/span><span class=\"fe-badge\">\ud83d\udcac Verbal<\/span><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"fe-exo pink-t\">\n<h5>Fluence par cat\u00e9gories altern\u00e9es<\/h5>\n<pee>Nommer en alternance un animal, puis un meuble, puis un animal, puis un meuble (etc.) pendant 3 minutes. La contrainte d&#8217;alternance \u2014 changer de cat\u00e9gorie \u00e0 chaque item \u2014 teste directement la flexibilit\u00e9 cognitive et la fluidit\u00e9 verbale, toutes deux touch\u00e9es dans Parkinson. Variante difficile : 3 cat\u00e9gories en rotation.<\/pee>\n<div class=\"fe-meta\"><span class=\"fe-badge\">\u23f1 5 min<\/span><span class=\"fe-badge\">\ud83d\udcf6 Mod\u00e9r\u00e9<\/span><span class=\"fe-badge\">\ud83d\udde3\ufe0f Verbal<\/span><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"fe-exo pink-t\">\n<h5>Jeu des contraires contextuels<\/h5>\n<pee>Donner l&#8217;antonyme de mots pr\u00e9sent\u00e9s al\u00e9atoirement (rapide\/lent, grand\/petit) \u2014 exercice facile. Puis inverser : chaque fois qu&#8217;un mot est pr\u00e9sent\u00e9, donner un synonyme SAUF pour les mots de couleur (donner l&#8217;antonyme). Ce changement de r\u00e8gle contextuelle imite les d\u00e9fis quotidiens de l&#8217;adaptation aux r\u00e8gles changeantes.<\/pee>\n<div class=\"fe-meta\"><span class=\"fe-badge\">\u23f1 8 min<\/span><span class=\"fe-badge\">\ud83d\udcf6 Stimulant<\/span><span class=\"fe-badge\">\ud83e\udde9 Cognitif<\/span><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><!-- FE 3: INHIBITION --><\/p>\n<div class=\"fe-section\">\n<div class=\"fe-section-header\">\n<div class=\"fe-icon\">\ud83d\uded1<\/div>\n<div>\n<h3>FE 3 \u2014 Inhibition et contr\u00f4le de la r\u00e9ponse<\/h3>\n<p>      <span>R\u00e9sister \u00e0 une r\u00e9ponse automatique \u00b7 Exercices 9\u201312<\/span>\n    <\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"fe-exo-grid\">\n<div class=\"fe-exo blue-t\">\n<h5>Stroop oral simplifi\u00e9<\/h5>\n<pee>L&#8217;adulte pr\u00e9sente des mots de couleurs \u00e9crits dans une encre diff\u00e9rente (le mot \u00ab ROUGE \u00bb \u00e9crit en bleu). Le patient doit nommer la couleur de l&#8217;encre \u2014 pas le mot \u00e9crit. R\u00e9sister \u00e0 l&#8217;impulsion de lire le mot est la difficult\u00e9 principale. Commencer lentement, sans contrainte de temps, progresser vers une cadence plus rapide.<\/pee>\n<div class=\"fe-meta\"><span class=\"fe-badge\">\u23f1 5 min<\/span><span class=\"fe-badge\">\ud83d\udcf6 Mod\u00e9r\u00e9<\/span><span class=\"fe-badge\">\ud83d\udc41\ufe0f Visuel-verbal<\/span><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"fe-exo blue-t\">\n<h5>Stop-and-Go vocal<\/h5>\n<pee>Le patient r\u00e9cite les jours de la semaine ou les mois. Sur signal (main lev\u00e9e ou bruit), il s&#8217;arr\u00eate imm\u00e9diatement. Sur un second signal, il reprend o\u00f9 il s&#8217;\u00e9tait arr\u00eat\u00e9. L&#8217;inhibition d&#8217;une s\u00e9quence automatique bien apprise est particuli\u00e8rement pertinente dans Parkinson (freezing). R\u00e9p\u00e9ter 8 \u00e0 10 fois sur la s\u00e9ance.<\/pee>\n<div class=\"fe-meta\"><span class=\"fe-badge\">\u23f1 5 min<\/span><span class=\"fe-badge\">\ud83d\udcf6 Facile<\/span><span class=\"fe-badge\">\ud83d\udde3\ufe0f S\u00e9quentiel<\/span><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"fe-exo blue-t\">\n<h5>Oui-Non invers\u00e9<\/h5>\n<pee>Poser des questions auxquelles la r\u00e9ponse naturelle serait \u00ab oui \u00bb \u2014 le patient doit r\u00e9pondre \u00ab non \u00bb et vice-versa. \u00ab Est-ce qu&#8217;il fait nuit en ce moment ? (non) \u2192 r\u00e9pondre oui. \u00bb Exercice d&#8217;inhibition simple et ludique, facilement r\u00e9alisable \u00e0 domicile ou en s\u00e9ance. Progresser vers des questions plus complexes.<\/pee>\n<div class=\"fe-meta\"><span class=\"fe-badge\">\u23f1 5 min<\/span><span class=\"fe-badge\">\ud83d\udcf6 Facile<\/span><span class=\"fe-badge\">\ud83d\udcac Ludique<\/span><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"fe-exo blue-t\">\n<h5>Lecture s\u00e9lective avec crit\u00e8re d&#8217;inhibition<\/h5>\n<pee>Lire un texte court en sautant tous les mots d&#8217;une cat\u00e9gorie d\u00e9finie (ex : sauter tous les mots de couleur, ou tous les noms d&#8217;animaux) sans les dire \u00e0 voix haute. L&#8217;inhibition de mots sp\u00e9cifiques dans un flux de lecture continu est une forme avanc\u00e9e de l&#8217;exercice d&#8217;inhibition, plus proche des exigences cognitives quotidiennes.<\/pee>\n<div class=\"fe-meta\"><span class=\"fe-badge\">\u23f1 8 min<\/span><span class=\"fe-badge\">\ud83d\udcf6 Stimulant<\/span><span class=\"fe-badge\">\ud83d\udcda Lecture<\/span><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><!-- FE 4: M\u00c9MOIRE DE TRAVAIL --><\/p>\n<div class=\"fe-section\">\n<div class=\"fe-section-header\">\n<div class=\"fe-icon\">\ud83d\udcbe<\/div>\n<div>\n<h3>FE 4 \u2014 M\u00e9moire de travail<\/h3>\n<p>      <span>Maintenir et manipuler des informations \u00e0 court terme \u00b7 Exercices 13\u201316<\/span>\n    <\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"fe-exo-grid\">\n<div class=\"fe-exo yellow-t\">\n<h5>Empan de chiffres invers\u00e9<\/h5>\n<pee>L&#8217;aidant ou l&#8217;orthophoniste \u00e9nonce une s\u00e9rie de chiffres (commencer par 3) que le patient r\u00e9p\u00e8te \u00e0 l&#8217;envers. Ex : \u00ab 4 \u2013 7 \u2013 2 \u00bb \u2192 r\u00e9pondre \u00ab 2 \u2013 7 \u2013 4 \u00bb. Augmenter progressivement la longueur de la s\u00e9rie. C&#8217;est l&#8217;exercice de m\u00e9moire de travail le plus directement corr\u00e9l\u00e9 aux performances de la vie quotidienne chez les patients Parkinson.<\/pee>\n<div class=\"fe-meta\"><span class=\"fe-badge\">\u23f1 5 min<\/span><span class=\"fe-badge\">\ud83d\udcf6 Mod\u00e9r\u00e9<\/span><span class=\"fe-badge\">\ud83d\udd22 Verbal<\/span><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"fe-exo yellow-t\">\n<h5>Message en plusieurs \u00e9tapes<\/h5>\n<pee>M\u00e9moriser 3 \u00e0 4 actions \u00e0 r\u00e9aliser dans l&#8217;ordre dans diff\u00e9rentes pi\u00e8ces (ex : \u00ab 1. Poser un livre dans la chambre, 2. \u00c9teindre la lumi\u00e8re du couloir, 3. Revenir en prenant le chemin le plus long \u00bb). La m\u00e9moire de travail prospective et spatiale est l&#8217;une des plus fonctionnellement importantes dans la vie quotidienne parkinsonienne.<\/pee>\n<div class=\"fe-meta\"><span class=\"fe-badge\">\u23f1 8 min<\/span><span class=\"fe-badge\">\ud83d\udcf6 Mod\u00e9r\u00e9<\/span><span class=\"fe-badge\">\ud83c\udfc3 Fonctionnel<\/span><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"fe-exo yellow-t\">\n<h5>Calcul mental en s\u00e9rie<\/h5>\n<pee>Commencer \u00e0 100, soustraire 7 \u00e0 chaque fois : 100, 93, 86, 79&#8230; Maintenir le r\u00e9sultat courant tout en calculant la soustraction suivante est une double sollicitation de m\u00e9moire de travail. Ajuster selon le niveau (soustraire 3 pour faciliter, soustraire 7 pour une difficult\u00e9 standard, 13 pour un d\u00e9fi).<\/pee>\n<div class=\"fe-meta\"><span class=\"fe-badge\">\u23f1 5 min<\/span><span class=\"fe-badge\">\ud83d\udcf6 Mod\u00e9r\u00e9<\/span><span class=\"fe-badge\">\ud83d\udd22 Calcul<\/span><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"fe-exo yellow-t\">\n<h5>R\u00e9sum\u00e9 diff\u00e9r\u00e9 de lecture<\/h5>\n<pee>Lire un texte court (10 lignes), poser le texte, attendre 5 minutes (pendant lesquelles une autre activit\u00e9 est r\u00e9alis\u00e9e), puis r\u00e9sumer le texte de m\u00e9moire \u2014 id\u00e9es principales, d\u00e9tails retenus, opinion. L&#8217;interf\u00e9rence volontaire entre l&#8217;encodage et le rappel simule les distractions de la vie quotidienne qui perturbent la m\u00e9moire de travail parkinsonienne.<\/pee>\n<div class=\"fe-meta\"><span class=\"fe-badge\">\u23f1 12 min<\/span><span class=\"fe-badge\">\ud83d\udcf6 Stimulant<\/span><span class=\"fe-badge\">\ud83d\udcda Rappel diff\u00e9r\u00e9<\/span><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><!-- FE 5: ATTENTION DIVIS\u00c9E --><\/p>\n<div class=\"fe-section\">\n<div class=\"fe-section-header\">\n<div class=\"fe-icon\">\ud83c\udfaf<\/div>\n<div>\n<h3>FE 5 \u2014 Divided attention and secure dual task<\/h3>\n<p>      <span>Share attention between two tasks \u00b7 Exercises 17\u201320 \u00b7 Safety priority<\/span>\n    <\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<pee style=\"font-size:13px;color:var(--text-light);margin-bottom:16px\">\u26a0\ufe0f These exercises should never be performed while walking on uneven ground or in a fall-risk situation. Always seated or standing stable, on flat and clear ground for motor variants.<\/pee>\n<div class=\"fe-exo-grid\">\n<div class=\"fe-exo\">\n<h5>Sitting dual task: counting + sorting<\/h5>\n<pee>Sitting, sort colored cards with one hand while the other taps a steady rhythm on the table. Then switch hands. Next, sort the cards while counting aloud backwards from 20. This sitting dual task is secure and directly targets central attentional sharing.<\/pee>\n<div class=\"fe-meta\"><span class=\"fe-badge\">\u23f1 8 min<\/span><span class=\"fe-badge\">\ud83d\udcf6 Moderate<\/span><span class=\"fe-badge\">\u2705 Secure<\/span><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"fe-exo\">\n<h5>Rhythmic walking with counting (flat ground, accompanied)<\/h5>\n<pee>On flat, clear ground, accompanied by a relative or a physiotherapist: walk while counting aloud by 2s. Start with 30-second periods, gradually increasing. The goal is not speed but the simultaneous maintenance of walking AND counting. Stop as soon as the gait deteriorates.<\/pee>\n<div class=\"fe-meta\"><span class=\"fe-badge\">\u23f1 10 min<\/span><span class=\"fe-badge\">\ud83d\udcf6 Stimulating<\/span><span class=\"fe-badge\">\ud83d\udeb6 Accompanied<\/span><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"fe-exo\">\n<h5>Conversation during a simple manual task<\/h5>\n<pee>Perform a simple automated manual task (folding laundry, sorting coins) while maintaining a normal conversation with a relative. Deliberately shift the main attention from the task to the conversation and vice versa. Exercise close to the most demanding daily situations in terms of divided attention.<\/pee>\n<div class=\"fe-meta\"><span class=\"fe-badge\">\u23f1 10 min<\/span><span class=\"fe-badge\">\ud83d\udcf6 Moderate<\/span><span class=\"fe-badge\">\ud83c\udfe0 Daily life<\/span><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"fe-exo\">\n<h5>Reading aloud + sensory monitoring<\/h5>\n<pee>Read a text aloud while being simultaneously attentive to the sounds of the environment \u2014 signal each time a particular sound (bird, car, clock) is heard. Exercise of auditory-visual divided attention that involves no motor risk and can be practiced independently.<\/pee>\n<div class=\"fe-meta\"><span class=\"fe-badge\">\u23f1 8 min<\/span><span class=\"fe-badge\">\ud83d\udcf6 Moderate<\/span><span class=\"fe-badge\">\ud83d\udd0a Sensory<\/span><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h2>3. Adapt the program to Parkinson&#8217;s fluctuations<\/h2>\n<h3>3.1 Understanding and using on\/off windows<\/h3>\n<pee>The vast majority of Parkinson&#8217;s patients treated with levodopa experience fluctuations in treatment effectiveness throughout the day. &#8220;On&#8221; periods \u2014 when the treatment is effective \u2014 offer better mobility, greater energy, and optimized cognitive abilities. &#8220;Off&#8221; periods \u2014 at the end of treatment effectiveness \u2014 are accompanied by motor and cognitive slowing, increased fatigue, and sometimes dysphoria. Adapting the executive function stimulation program to this cycle is essential to maximize its effectiveness and to avoid counterproductive sessions conducted during periods of low cognitive availability.<\/pee>\n<div class=\"process-track\">\n<div class=\"process-step\">\n<div class=\"ps-standard\">\n      <span class=\"ps-label\">\ud83d\udd34 OFF Period or cognitive fatigue<\/span><\/p>\n<h5>Exercises not recommended<\/h5>\n<pee>Dual task, Stroop, Tower of Hanoi, mental calculation in series \u2014 these demanding exercises during reduced effectiveness periods generate frustration, errors, and can discourage the continuation of the program.<\/pee>\n    <\/div>\n<div class=\"ps-adapted\">\n      <span class=\"ps-label\">\u2705 Exercises adapted to the OFF period<\/span><\/p>\n<h5>Light and maintenance exercises<\/h5>\n<pee>Daily planning, simple mental recipe, gentle thematic conversation, emotional recognition exercises (Facial Expression Decoder). These activities maintain cognitive engagement without overloading.<\/pee>\n    <\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"process-step\">\n<div class=\"ps-standard\">\n      <span class=\"ps-label\">\ud83d\udfe2 Optimal ON Period<\/span><\/p>\n<h5>Ideal window for demanding exercises<\/h5>\n<pee>30 to 90 minutes after taking the treatment: this is the ideal time for flexibility, inhibition, dual task, and intensive working memory exercises. Plan the most ambitious sessions at these times.<\/pee>\n    <\/div>\n<div class=\"ps-adapted\">\n      <span class=\"ps-label\">\u2705 Recommended sequence during the ON period<\/span><\/p>\n<h5>Complete program of 25-30 minutes<\/h5>\n<pee>5 min heart coherence (activation) \u2192 8 min demanding EF exercise (flexibility or inhibition) \u2192 8 min moderate EF exercise (working memory) \u2192 5 min gentle exercise (planning or emotional recognition) \u2192 assessment.<\/pee>\n    <\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h3>3.2 The role of the Facial Expression Decoder in Parkinson&#8217;s<\/h3>\n<pee>A often overlooked deficit in Parkinson&#8217;s disease is the difficulty in recognizing and interpreting the emotional expressions of others \u2014 a disorder related to hypomimia (reduction of the patient&#8217;s own facial expressions) and changes in amygdala and striatal circuits. This social cognition deficit has direct consequences on daily interactions: the patient may miss important emotional signals in a conversation, leading to misunderstandings and gradual social withdrawal.<\/pee>\n<pee>Daily exercise with the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.dynseo.com\/en\/our-tools\/facial-expression-decoder\/\">DYNSEO Facial Expression Decoder<\/a> \u2014 identifying and naming emotions on photographed faces \u2014 is a direct and targeted training of this ability. It can be integrated into the EF stimulation program as an exercise in social attention and recognition of non-verbal cues, particularly suited for periods of cognitive fatigue as it does not require complex verbal production.<\/pee>\n<h2>3 bis. Integrate EF into daily activities<\/h2>\n<h3>Ordinary activities as a continuous stimulation ground<\/h3>\n<pee>Beyond structured exercise sessions, everyday life itself offers permanent opportunities for executive function stimulation \u2014 provided they are approached deliberately and consciously. For Parkinson&#8217;s patients, whose cognitive availability windows are limited, maximizing the impact of each ordinary activity is as important a strategy as formal exercises.<\/pee>\n<pee>The <strong>meal preparation<\/strong> is one of the richest domestic activities in terms of executive stimulation: planning (defining the order of preparations), flexibility (adapting if an ingredient is missing), working memory (remembering completed and upcoming steps), inhibition (resisting tasting before finishing), and divided attention (monitoring cooking while preparing something else). Encouraging the patient to prepare their own meal for as long as possible \u2014 with safety adaptations if necessary \u2014 is an invaluable daily executive exercise.<\/pee>\n<pee>The <strong>medication management<\/strong> is another central executive activity for Parkinson&#8217;s patients: noting their intakes, planning times according to meals, anticipating restocking, adapting if a pill has been forgotten. Using a weekly pill organizer, a displayed tracking chart, or a reminder app is not a capitulation to the disease \u2014 it is an executive compensation strategy that frees cognitive resources for other more stimulating activities.<\/pee>\n<pee>The <a href=\"https:\/\/www.dynseo.com\/en\/our-tools\/choice-wheel-dynseo-training-tools\/\">DYNSEO Wheel of Choices<\/a> makes perfect sense here: faced with Parkinsonian apathy that can paralyze initiative (&#8220;I don&#8217;t know what to do, so I do nothing&#8221;), the wheel of choices visually proposes options for cognitively stimulating activities \u2014 gardening, reading, calling a friend, preparing a recipe. Each small act of decision and initiation exercises the prefrontal circuits against apathy, gradually preserving decision-making autonomy.<\/pee>\n<h2>4. DYNSEO tools to support the program<\/h2>\n<div class=\"formation-block\">\n<div class=\"fb-body\">\n<div class=\"fb-tag\">\ud83c\udf93 Certified training \u00b7 Qualiopi No. 11757351875<\/div>\n<h3>Behavior changes related to the disease \u2014 Practical guide for relatives<\/h3>\n<pee>Daily support for a person with Parkinson&#8217;s requires understanding not only the motor symptoms but also the cognitive and behavioral changes related to executive deficits. This Qualiopi certified training provides family caregivers with neurobiological benchmarks, adapted communication strategies, and tools to maintain their own balance in this demanding role.<\/pee>\n<div class=\"fb-meta\">\n      <span>\ud83d\udc68\u200d\ud83d\udc69\u200d\ud83d\udc67 Families and caregivers of Parkinson&#8217;s patients<\/span><br \/>\n      <span>\ud83d\udcbb 100% online, at your own pace<\/span><br \/>\n      <span>\ud83c\udfc6 Qualiopi certified<\/span><br \/>\n      <span>\ud83e\udde0 Accessible neurological approach<\/span>\n    <\/div>\n<p>    <a href=\"https:\/\/www.dynseo.com\/en\/?post_type=courses&#038;p=430733\" class=\"btn-primary\">Discover the training \u2192<\/a>\n  <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h3>DYNSEO practical tools<\/h3>\n<div class=\"tools-grid\">\n<div class=\"tool-card\">\n<h5>\ud83c\udf21\ufe0f Emotion thermometer<\/h5>\n<pee>Assess emotional state and level of cognitive fatigue before each session \u2014 essential for choosing the exercise level suited to the day&#8217;s on\/off windows.<\/pee>\n    <a href=\"https:\/\/www.dynseo.com\/en\/our-tools\/emotion-thermometer\/\">Download \u2192<\/a>\n  <\/div>\n<div class=\"tool-card\">\n<h5>\ud83c\udfa1 Wheel of choices<\/h5>\n<pee>Support decision-making autonomy weakened by Parkinsonian apathy \u2014 choosing the exercise of the day from available options maintains personal initiative and engagement in the program.<\/pee>\n    <a href=\"https:\/\/www.dynseo.com\/en\/our-tools\/choice-wheel-dynseo-training-tools\/\">Download \u2192<\/a>\n  <\/div>\n<div class=\"tool-card\">\n<h5>\ud83d\ude0a Facial Expression Decoder<\/h5>\n<pee>Exercise 18 of the program \u2014 trains the recognition of emotions on faces, a capacity diminished in Parkinson&#8217;s with real social consequences. Accessible even during periods of cognitive fatigue.<\/pee>\n    <a href=\"https:\/\/www.dynseo.com\/en\/our-tools\/facial-expression-decoder\/\">Download \u2192<\/a>\n  <\/div>\n<div class=\"tool-card\">\n<h5>\ud83d\udd0a Complex sounds picture book<\/h5>\n<pee>Progressive auditory cognitive training \u2014 stimulates sound recognition and auditory attention, important complements to the specific divided attention program for Parkinson&#8217;s.<\/pee>\n    <a href=\"https:\/\/www.dynseo.com\/en\/our-tools\/imagier-of-complex-sounds\/\">Download \u2192<\/a>\n  <\/div>\n<div class=\"tool-card\">\n<h5>\ud83d\udde3\ufe0f Articulation tracking chart<\/h5>\n<pee>Dysarthria (speech disorders) is common in Parkinson&#8217;s and affects communication during verbal exercises. This chart allows tracking of articulation progress and coordination with the speech therapist.<\/pee>\n    <a href=\"https:\/\/www.dynseo.com\/en\/our-tools\/articulatory-tracking-chart\/\">Download \u2192<\/a>\n  <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<pee>\u2192 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.dynseo.com\/en\/our-tools\/\">See all DYNSEO tools<\/a><\/pee>\n<h3>DYNSEO applications for cognitive stimulation<\/h3>\n<div class=\"appli-grid\">\n<div class=\"appli-card\">\n<h5>\ud83d\udc74 SCARLETT \u2014 Seniors &amp; Parkinson<\/h5>\n<pee>Cognitive stimulation application for seniors designed with a touch interface adapted to Parkinsonian motor difficulties. Personalized pathways for EF and memory. Usable independently or with support.<\/pee>\n    <a href=\"https:\/\/www.dynseo.com\/en\/brain-games-apps\/scarlett-brain-games-for-seniors\/\">Learn more \u2192<\/a>\n  <\/div>\n<div class=\"appli-card\">\n<h5>\ud83e\udde0 CLINT \u2014 Adults<\/h5>\n<pee>Cognitive remediation pathway for adults \u2014 adaptive exercises on memory, attention, and reasoning. Ideal for early and intermediate stage Parkinson&#8217;s patients, as a complement to the EF program.<\/pee>\n    <a href=\"https:\/\/www.dynseo.com\/en\/brain-games-apps\/clint-brain-games-for-adults\/\">Learn more \u2192<\/a>\n  <\/div>\n<div class=\"appli-card\">\n<h5>\ud83d\udcac MY DICTIONARY \u2014 Communication<\/h5>\n<pee>For Parkinson&#8217;s patients developing severe verbal expression difficulties (advanced dysarthria, Parkinsonian aphasia) \u2014 maintain communication despite language disorders.<\/pee>\n    <a href=\"https:\/\/www.dynseo.com\/mon-dico-une-application-pour-favoriser-la-communication\/\">Learn more \u2192<\/a>\n  <\/div>\n<div class=\"appli-card\">\n<h5>\ud83e\udd16 DYNSEO AI Coach<\/h5>\n<pee>Personalized support to guide patients and relatives in choosing exercises suited to the on\/off windows, stage of the disease, and identified specific deficits.<\/pee>\n    <a href=\"https:\/\/www.dynseo.com\/en\/ai-coach\/\">Learn more \u2192<\/a>\n  <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h3>DYNSEO cognitive tests<\/h3>\n<div class=\"formations-links\">\n<div class=\"formation-link\">\n    <span>Non-medical test \u00b7 Online assessment<\/span><br \/>\n    <a href=\"https:\/\/www.dynseo.com\/en\/memory-test\/\">DYNSEO memory test<\/a>\n  <\/div>\n<div class=\"formation-link\">\n    <span>Non-medical test \u00b7 Online assessment<\/span><br \/>\n    <a href=\"https:\/\/www.dynseo.com\/en\/attention-and-concentration-assessment\/\">Concentration and attention test<\/a>\n  <\/div>\n<div class=\"formation-link\">\n    <span>Non-medical test \u00b7 Online assessment<\/span><br \/>\n    <a href=\"https:\/\/www.dynseo.com\/en\/executive-function-testing\/\">Executive functions test<\/a>\n  <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<pee>\u2192 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.dynseo.com\/en\/our-tests\/\">Access all DYNSEO cognitive tests<\/a><\/pee>\n<h3>DYNSEO training<\/h3>\n<div class=\"formations-links\">\n<div class=\"formation-link\">\n    <span>For families and caregivers of Parkinson&#8217;s patients<\/span><br \/>\n    <a href=\"https:\/\/www.dynseo.com\/en\/?post_type=courses&#038;p=430733\">Behavior changes \u2014 Practical guide for relatives<\/a>\n  <\/div>\n<div class=\"formation-link\">\n    <span>For healthcare and care professionals<\/span><br \/>\n    <a href=\"https:\/\/www.dynseo.com\/en\/courses\/behavioral-disorders-related-to-illness-methods-and-multidisciplinary-coordination-en\/\">Behavioral disorders \u2014 Methods and multidisciplinary coordination<\/a>\n  <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<pee>\u2192 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.dynseo.com\/en\/our-training-courses\/\">See the complete catalog of DYNSEO training<\/a><\/pee>\n<div class=\"cta-block\">\n<h3>\ud83e\udde0 Preserve your executive functions with DYNSEO<\/h3>\n<pee>SCARLETT and CLINT for daily stimulation, the 5 practical DYNSEO tools (Thermometer, Wheel of Choices, Decoder, Picture Book, Articulation Chart) and Qualiopi certified training for relatives \u2014 a comprehensive program to maintain autonomy and quality of life in Parkinson&#8217;s disease.<\/pee>\n<div class=\"btns\">\n    <a href=\"https:\/\/www.dynseo.com\/en\/brain-games-apps\/scarlett-brain-games-for-seniors\/\" class=\"btn-white\">Discover SCARLETT \u2192<\/a><br \/>\n    <a href=\"https:\/\/www.dynseo.com\/en\/executive-function-testing\/\" class=\"btn-outline\">Test my EF<\/a>\n  <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><\/main><\/p>\n<section class=\"faq-section\">\n<div class=\"container\">\n<h2>\u2753 FAQ \u2014 Executive Functions and Parkinson&#8217;s Disease<\/h2>\n<div class=\"faq-item\">\n<h4>1. What is the difference between memory deficits in Parkinson&#8217;s and those in Alzheimer&#8217;s?<\/h4>\n<pee>The difference is fundamental and clinically important. In Alzheimer&#8217;s disease, it is recent episodic memory that is affected first \u2014 the person forgets recent events irreversibly. In Parkinson&#8217;s disease, it is primarily working memory and executive functions that are affected \u2014 the person struggles to organize and plan but can often remember recent facts if provided with retrieval cues. The neuropsychological profile is distinct enough to require different assessments and stimulation programs, even though both can coexist in advanced stages.<\/pee>\n    <\/div>\n<div class=\"faq-item\">\n<h4>2. Are these exercises compatible with treatment by levodopa?<\/h4>\n<pee>Yes \u2014 and they are more effective in combination with optimized treatment. Dopaminergic treatment improves executive functions by partially restoring fronto-striatal circuits. Complementary cognitive stimulation acts on other mechanisms \u2014 neuroplasticity, strengthening alternative circuits, improving cognitive reserve \u2014 which add to the effects of the treatment. The important thing is to synchronize the most demanding cognitive sessions with the on periods of treatment and to communicate regularly with the neurologist about observed progress and difficulties.<\/pee>\n    <\/div>\n<div class=\"faq-item\">\n<h4>3. Are dual-task exercises dangerous for Parkinson&#8217;s patients?<\/h4>\n<pee>Improperly supervised, yes. Properly supervised, no \u2014 and they are even particularly beneficial as they directly address the dual-task deficit that characterizes Parkinson&#8217;s. The fundamental precautions: never perform motor-cognitive dual tasks standing or walking without physical support from a relative or a physiotherapist, always on flat and clear ground, during on periods, with the possibility of immediate stopping. Pure cognitive dual tasks (counting + sorting cards while seated) are safe and very effective without these risks.<\/pee>\n    <\/div>\n<div class=\"faq-item\">\n<h4>4. How can I tell if my executive functions are deteriorating despite the exercises?<\/h4>\n<pee>Several practical indicators: daily activities that were easy become difficult (preparing a complex meal, managing one&#8217;s schedule), errors increase during usual exercises, or cognitive fatigue occurs earlier in the session. For an objective assessment, the DYNSEO executive functions test provides a non-medical indication. A complete neuropsychological assessment, conducted by a neuropsychologist every 12 to 18 months, is the clinical reference to monitor evolution and adapt the program.<\/pee>\n    <\/div>\n<div class=\"faq-item\">\n<h4>5. Can stimulation of executive functions delay Lewy body dementia?<\/h4>\n<pee>No study currently proves that cognitive stimulation prevents or delays Lewy body dementia specifically. What it does \u2014 and this is clinically significant \u2014 is maintain a higher level of cognitive functioning for longer, by increasing cognitive reserve that compensates for progressive damage. Patients who maintain regular cognitive stimulation generally show better quality of life and preserved autonomy for longer, even if neuropathological progression is not halted.<\/pee>\n    <\/div>\n<div class=\"faq-item\">\n<h4>6. Can these exercises be conducted by a non-professional relative?<\/h4>\n<pee>The vast majority of these exercises can be conducted by a trained relative \u2014 with the natural limits of non-professional competence. Motor dual-task exercises ideally require supervision by a physiotherapist. Other exercises (planning, flexibility, cognitive inhibition, working memory) are accessible to a motivated and informed relative. DYNSEO training for relatives provides a practical framework for conducting these exercises at home in a structured and safe manner. Regular validation by the neuropsychologist or speech therapist allows for level adjustments and detection of regressions.<\/pee>\n    <\/div>\n<div class=\"faq-item\">\n<h4>7. Is SCARLETT really usable by a Parkinson&#8217;s patient with tremors?<\/h4>\n<pee>SCARLETT was designed to be accessible to individuals with motor difficulties \u2014 the interface features large buttons, adjustable touch sensitivity, and vocal feedback for important elements. For patients with significant tremors, a suitable grip stylus (available at specialized pharmacies) can facilitate navigation. For severe fluctuations, it is recommended to use SCARLETT during on periods of treatment. An initial presentation by an occupational therapist is often helpful to optimize the personalized configuration of the interface.<\/pee>\n    <\/div>\n<div class=\"faq-item\">\n<h4>8. Does DYNSEO training for relatives cover the cognitive specifics of Parkinson&#8217;s?<\/h4>\n<pee>The training &#8220;Behavioral Changes Related to Disease \u2014 Practical Guide for Relatives&#8221; covers behavioral and cognitive changes related to chronic neurological diseases, including Parkinson&#8217;s disease. It provides guidelines on executive deficits and their daily manifestations, communication strategies adapted to on\/off fluctuations, and practical tools to support cognitive activities at home. It is Qualiopi certified (No. 11757351875), fundable via CPF for employees, and accessible online at one&#8217;s own pace from any device.<\/pee>\n    <\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/section>\n<div class=\"container\">\n<div class=\"cta-block\">\n<h3>\ud83e\udde0 Preserve your autonomy with a personalized FE program<\/h3>\n<pee>Executive functions are the engine of daily autonomy in Parkinson&#8217;s disease. SCARLETT, CLINT, DYNSEO tools, and Qualiopi certified training accompany you in a structured program, adapted to on\/off fluctuations, and progressive to maintain quality of life for as long as possible.<\/pee>\n<div class=\"btns\">\n    <a href=\"https:\/\/www.dynseo.com\/en\/brain-games-apps\/scarlett-brain-games-for-seniors\/\" class=\"btn-white\">Discover SCARLETT \u2192<\/a><br \/>\n    <a href=\"https:\/\/www.dynseo.com\/en\/our-training-courses\/\" class=\"btn-outline\">Our training<\/a>\n  <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<footer>\n  <pee>DYNSEO \u2014 Specialist in cognitive stimulation, neurodiversity, and professional training in health \u00b7 Paris 75015 \u00b7 Qualiopi No. 11757351875<\/pee>\n<div class=\"footer-links\">\n    <a href=\"https:\/\/www.dynseo.com\/en\/our-training-courses\/\">Our training<\/a><br \/>\n    <a href=\"https:\/\/www.dynseo.com\/en\/our-tools\/\">Our tools<\/a><br \/>\n    <a href=\"https:\/\/www.dynseo.com\/en\/our-tests\/\">Our tests<\/a><br \/>\n    <a href=\"https:\/\/www.dynseo.com\/en\/brain-games-apps\/scarlett-brain-games-for-seniors\/\">SCARLETT<\/a><br \/>\n    <a href=\"https:\/\/www.dynseo.com\/en\/brain-games-apps\/clint-brain-games-for-adults\/\">CLINT<\/a><br \/>\n    <a href=\"https:\/\/www.dynseo.com\/en\/\">dynseo.com<\/a>\n  <\/div>\n<\/footer>\n<\/div>\n<p>[\/et_pb_code][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":100456,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"on","_et_pb_old_content":"[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" admin_label=\"Article HTML\" _builder_version=\"4.16\" custom_padding=\"0px||0px||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_row admin_label=\"Contenu\" _builder_version=\"4.16\" width=\"100%\" max_width=\"100%\" custom_padding=\"0px||0px||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"4_4\" _builder_version=\"4.16\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_code admin_label=\"HTML import\u00e9\" _builder_version=\"4.16\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<style type=\"text\/css\">\n:root{--blue:#5e5ed7;--blue-dark:#5268c9;--teal:#a9e2e4;--yellow:#ffeca7;--pink:#e73469;--light-bg:#f8f9ff;--text:#2d2d4e;--text-light:#6b6b8a;--br:14px;--shc:0 2px 18px rgba(94,94,215,.08)}\n@import url('https:\/\/fonts.googleapis.com\/css2?family=Montserrat:wght@400;600;700;800&family=Poppins:wght@300;400;500&display=swap');\n\n* {box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}\n.dbi-art-a11be9 {font-family:'Poppins',sans-serif;color:var(--text);background:#fff;line-height:1.85;font-size:16px}\n.dbi-art-a11be9 h1, .dbi-art-a11be9 h2, .dbi-art-a11be9 h3, .dbi-art-a11be9 h4, .dbi-art-a11be9 h5 {font-family:'Montserrat',sans-serif}\n.dbi-art-a11be9 .hero {background:linear-gradient(135deg,#0a2040 0%,var(--blue) 55%,#2a7a9a 100%);color:#fff;padding:72px 20px 56px;text-align:center}\n.dbi-art-a11be9 .hero-tag {display:inline-block;background:rgba(255,255,255,.18);border:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.3);color:#fff;padding:5px 18px;border-radius:50px;font-size:12px;font-weight:600;letter-spacing:1px;text-transform:uppercase;margin-bottom:22px}\n.dbi-art-a11be9 .hero h1 {font-size:clamp(26px,3.8vw,42px);font-weight:800;line-height:1.2;max-width:840px;margin:0 auto 20px}\n.dbi-art-a11be9 .hero-sub {font-size:16px;opacity:.88;max-width:660px;margin:0 auto}\n.dbi-art-a11be9 .container {max-width:860px;margin:0 auto;padding:0 24px}\n.dbi-art-a11be9 h2 {font-size:clamp(20px,2.8vw,28px);font-weight:800;color:var(--blue);margin:60px 0 20px;padding-bottom:12px;border-bottom:3px solid var(--teal)}\n.dbi-art-a11be9 h3 {font-size:19px;font-weight:700;color:var(--blue-dark);margin:38px 0 14px}\n.dbi-art-a11be9 h4 {font-size:16px;font-weight:700;color:var(--text);margin:24px 0 10px}\n.dbi-art-a11be9 p {margin-bottom:18px;line-height:1.85}\n.dbi-art-a11be9 a {color:var(--blue);font-weight:600;text-decoration:none}\n.dbi-art-a11be9 a:hover {text-decoration:underline}\n.dbi-art-a11be9 .intro-box {border-left:5px solid var(--blue);background:rgba(94,94,215,.05);padding:28px 32px;border-radius:0 var(--br) var(--br) 0;margin:40px 0}\n.dbi-art-a11be9 .intro-box p {font-size:17px;margin:0;line-height:1.9}\n.dbi-art-a11be9 .hl {background:linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(169,226,228,.22),rgba(255,236,167,.22));border-radius:var(--br);padding:28px 30px;margin:30px 0;border:1px solid rgba(169,226,228,.5)}\n.dbi-art-a11be9 .hl h4 {color:var(--blue);margin-top:0;margin-bottom:14px}\n.dbi-art-a11be9 .tip-box {background:var(--yellow);border-radius:var(--br);padding:22px 28px;margin:30px 0}\n.dbi-art-a11be9 .tip-box p {margin:0;font-size:15px}\n.dbi-art-a11be9 .pink-box {background:rgba(231,52,105,.06);border-left:5px solid var(--pink);border-radius:0 var(--br) var(--br) 0;padding:22px 28px;margin:30px 0}\n.dbi-art-a11be9 .pink-box p {margin:0;font-size:15px}\n.dbi-art-a11be9 .pink-box strong {color:var(--pink)}\n.dbi-art-a11be9 .teal-box {background:rgba(169,226,228,.15);border-left:5px solid #2aa0a4;border-radius:0 var(--br) var(--br) 0;padding:22px 28px;margin:30px 0}\n.dbi-art-a11be9 .teal-box p {margin:0;font-size:15px}\n.dbi-art-a11be9 .stats-grid {display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(auto-fit,minmax(180px,1fr));gap:14px;margin:28px 0}\n.dbi-art-a11be9 .stat-card {border-radius:var(--br);padding:22px 18px;text-align:center;color:#fff}\n.dbi-art-a11be9 .stat-card.blue {background:linear-gradient(135deg,var(--blue),var(--blue-dark))}\n.dbi-art-a11be9 .stat-card.teal {background:linear-gradient(135deg,#2aa0a4,#1a6e70)}\n.dbi-art-a11be9 .stat-card.pink {background:linear-gradient(135deg,var(--pink),#b02050)}\n.dbi-art-a11be9 .stat-card.yellow {background:linear-gradient(135deg,#b07800,#8a5c00)}\n.dbi-art-a11be9 .stat-num {font-family:'Montserrat',sans-serif;font-size:30px;font-weight:800;display:block;margin-bottom:6px}\n.dbi-art-a11be9 .stat-label {font-size:12px;opacity:.9;line-height:1.4}\n.dbi-art-a11be9 .dynseo-table {width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;margin:30px 0;border-radius:var(--br);overflow:hidden;box-shadow:var(--shc)}\n.dbi-art-a11be9 .dynseo-table thead tr {background:var(--blue);color:#fff}\n.dbi-art-a11be9 .dynseo-table thead th {padding:14px 18px;font-family:'Montserrat',sans-serif;font-size:13px;font-weight:700;text-align:left}\n.dbi-art-a11be9 .dynseo-table tbody tr:nth-child(even) {background:rgba(94,94,215,.04)}\n.dbi-art-a11be9 .dynseo-table tbody tr:hover {background:rgba(169,226,228,.2)}\n.dbi-art-a11be9 .dynseo-table td {padding:13px 18px;font-size:14px;border-bottom:1px solid rgba(94,94,215,.08);vertical-align:top;line-height:1.6}\n.dbi-art-a11be9 .dynseo-table td strong {color:var(--blue-dark)}\n.dbi-art-a11be9 .badge {display:inline-block;padding:3px 10px;border-radius:50px;font-size:11px;font-weight:700;text-transform:uppercase}\n.dbi-art-a11be9 .badge-green {background:rgba(58,170,120,.15);color:#1a6e50}\n.dbi-art-a11be9 .badge-yellow {background:rgba(196,144,0,.12);color:#7a5800}\n.dbi-art-a11be9 .badge-blue {background:rgba(94,94,215,.12);color:var(--blue)}\n.dbi-art-a11be9 .badge-pink {background:rgba(231,52,105,.12);color:var(--pink)}\n.dbi-art-a11be9 .formation-block {background:#fff;border-radius:var(--br);box-shadow:0 4px 32px rgba(94,94,215,.13);overflow:hidden;margin:44px 0}\n.dbi-art-a11be9 .formation-block .fb-body {padding:28px 30px}\n.dbi-art-a11be9 .formation-block .fb-tag {display:inline-block;background:rgba(94,94,215,.1);color:var(--blue);font-size:11px;font-weight:700;text-transform:uppercase;letter-spacing:1px;padding:4px 12px;border-radius:50px;margin-bottom:14px}\n.dbi-art-a11be9 .formation-block h3 {margin:0 0 12px;color:var(--blue);font-size:20px}\n.dbi-art-a11be9 .formation-block p {font-size:14px;margin-bottom:18px}\n.dbi-art-a11be9 .formation-block .fb-meta {display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:10px;margin-bottom:20px}\n.dbi-art-a11be9 .formation-block .fb-meta span {background:var(--light-bg);padding:5px 12px;border-radius:50px;font-size:12px;font-weight:600;color:var(--text-light)}\n.dbi-art-a11be9 .btn-primary {display:inline-block;background:linear-gradient(135deg,var(--blue),var(--blue-dark));color:#fff;font-family:'Montserrat',sans-serif;font-weight:700;font-size:14px;padding:13px 28px;border-radius:50px;text-decoration:none;box-shadow:0 4px 16px rgba(94,94,215,.3)}\n.dbi-art-a11be9 .cta-block {background:linear-gradient(135deg,var(--blue-dark),var(--blue));border-radius:var(--br);padding:40px 32px;margin:52px 0;color:#fff;text-align:center}\n.dbi-art-a11be9 .cta-block h3 {color:#fff;margin:0 0 12px;font-size:22px}\n.dbi-art-a11be9 .cta-block p {color:rgba(255,255,255,.88);margin:0 auto 24px;max-width:580px;font-size:15px}\n.dbi-art-a11be9 .cta-block .btns {display:flex;gap:12px;justify-content:center;flex-wrap:wrap}\n.dbi-art-a11be9 .btn-white {display:inline-block;background:#fff;color:var(--blue);font-family:'Montserrat',sans-serif;font-weight:700;font-size:13px;padding:12px 26px;border-radius:50px;text-decoration:none}\n.dbi-art-a11be9 .btn-outline {display:inline-block;background:transparent;border:2px solid rgba(255,255,255,.6);color:#fff;font-family:'Montserrat',sans-serif;font-weight:600;font-size:13px;padding:11px 24px;border-radius:50px;text-decoration:none}\n.dbi-art-a11be9 .tools-grid {display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(auto-fit,minmax(220px,1fr));gap:12px;margin:24px 0}\n.dbi-art-a11be9 .tool-card {background:var(--light-bg);border-radius:10px;padding:16px 18px;border:1px solid rgba(94,94,215,.1)}\n.dbi-art-a11be9 .tool-card h5 {font-size:13px;font-weight:700;color:var(--blue);margin-bottom:6px}\n.dbi-art-a11be9 .tool-card p {font-size:12px;color:var(--text-light);margin:0 0 8px}\n.dbi-art-a11be9 .tool-card a {font-size:12px;color:var(--blue);font-weight:600}\n.dbi-art-a11be9 .appli-grid {display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(auto-fit,minmax(200px,1fr));gap:14px;margin:24px 0}\n.dbi-art-a11be9 .appli-card {background:#fff;border-radius:var(--br);padding:18px;box-shadow:var(--shc);border:1px solid rgba(94,94,215,.08)}\n.dbi-art-a11be9 .appli-card h5 {font-size:13px;font-weight:700;color:var(--blue);margin-bottom:8px}\n.dbi-art-a11be9 .appli-card p {font-size:12px;color:var(--text-light);margin:0 0 10px}\n.dbi-art-a11be9 .appli-card a {font-size:12px;color:var(--blue);font-weight:600}\n.dbi-art-a11be9 .formations-links {display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(auto-fit,minmax(260px,1fr));gap:12px;margin:24px 0}\n.dbi-art-a11be9 .formation-link {background:#fff;border-radius:10px;padding:16px 20px;box-shadow:var(--shc);border-left:4px solid var(--blue);display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:6px}\n.dbi-art-a11be9 .formation-link span {font-size:12px;color:var(--text-light)}\n.dbi-art-a11be9 .formation-link a {font-size:14px;font-weight:700;color:var(--blue-dark)}\n.dbi-art-a11be9 .faq-section {background:var(--light-bg);padding:56px 24px;margin-top:56px}\n.dbi-art-a11be9 .faq-section h2 {color:var(--blue)}\n.dbi-art-a11be9 .faq-item {background:#fff;border-radius:var(--br);padding:26px 30px;margin-bottom:14px;box-shadow:var(--shc)}\n.dbi-art-a11be9 .faq-item h4 {font-size:15px;color:var(--blue);margin-bottom:12px}\n.dbi-art-a11be9 .faq-item p {font-size:14px;margin:0;line-height:1.75}\n.dbi-art-a11be9 footer {background:linear-gradient(135deg,var(--blue),var(--blue-dark));color:#fff;padding:40px 24px;text-align:center}\n.dbi-art-a11be9 footer p {font-size:13px;color:rgba(255,255,255,.78);margin-bottom:16px}\n.dbi-art-a11be9 .footer-links {display:flex;justify-content:center;gap:10px;flex-wrap:wrap}\n.dbi-art-a11be9 .footer-links a {color:#fff;font-size:12px;font-weight:600;text-decoration:none;padding:6px 16px;border:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.28);border-radius:50px}\n.dbi-art-a11be9 .process-track {margin:32px 0}\n.dbi-art-a11be9 .process-step {display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;gap:16px;margin-bottom:20px;align-items:start}\n@media(max-width:580px) {\n.dbi-art-a11be9 .process-step {grid-template-columns:1fr}\n}\n.dbi-art-a11be9 .ps-standard {background:rgba(231,52,105,.04);border:1px solid rgba(231,52,105,.15);border-radius:var(--br);padding:16px 18px}\n.dbi-art-a11be9 .ps-adapted {background:rgba(58,170,120,.05);border:1px solid rgba(58,170,120,.2);border-radius:var(--br);padding:16px 18px}\n.dbi-art-a11be9 .ps-label {font-size:11px;font-weight:700;text-transform:uppercase;letter-spacing:.5px;margin-bottom:8px;display:block}\n.dbi-art-a11be9 .ps-standard .ps-label {color:var(--pink)}\n.dbi-art-a11be9 .ps-adapted .ps-label {color:#1a6e50}\n.dbi-art-a11be9 .ps-standard h5, .dbi-art-a11be9 .ps-adapted h5 {font-family:'Montserrat',sans-serif;font-size:13px;font-weight:700;margin-bottom:6px;color:var(--text)}\n.dbi-art-a11be9 .ps-standard p, .dbi-art-a11be9 .ps-adapted p {font-size:12px;color:var(--text-light);margin:0;line-height:1.5}\n.dbi-art-a11be9 .fe-section {margin:40px 0}\n.dbi-art-a11be9 .fe-section-header {display:flex;align-items:center;gap:14px;background:linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(94,94,215,.08),rgba(169,226,228,.12));border-radius:var(--br);padding:16px 20px;margin-bottom:20px;border-left:5px solid var(--blue)}\n.dbi-art-a11be9 .fe-section-header .fe-icon {font-size:28px}\n.dbi-art-a11be9 .fe-section-header div h3 {margin:0;font-size:16px;color:var(--blue)}\n.dbi-art-a11be9 .fe-section-header div span {font-size:12px;color:var(--text-light);display:block;margin-top:2px}\n.dbi-art-a11be9 .fe-exo-grid {display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(auto-fit,minmax(240px,1fr));gap:14px}\n.dbi-art-a11be9 .fe-exo {background:#fff;border-radius:var(--br);padding:20px 18px;box-shadow:var(--shc);border-top:3px solid var(--teal)}\n.dbi-art-a11be9 .fe-exo.pink-t {border-top-color:var(--pink)}\n.dbi-art-a11be9 .fe-exo.blue-t {border-top-color:var(--blue)}\n.dbi-art-a11be9 .fe-exo.yellow-t {border-top-color:#c49000}\n.dbi-art-a11be9 .fe-exo h5 {font-family:'Montserrat',sans-serif;font-size:13px;font-weight:700;color:var(--blue-dark);margin-bottom:8px}\n.dbi-art-a11be9 .fe-exo p {font-size:12px;color:var(--text-light);margin:0 0 8px;line-height:1.55}\n.dbi-art-a11be9 .fe-exo .fe-meta {display:flex;gap:6px;flex-wrap:wrap;margin-top:6px}\n.dbi-art-a11be9 .fe-badge {font-size:10px;font-weight:700;padding:2px 8px;border-radius:50px;background:var(--light-bg);color:var(--text-light)}\n.dbi-art-a11be9 .schedule-row {display:grid;grid-template-columns:140px 1fr 80px;gap:12px;padding:12px 16px;border-radius:8px;margin-bottom:8px;font-size:13px;align-items:center}\n.dbi-art-a11be9 .schedule-row:nth-child(odd) {background:var(--light-bg)}\n.dbi-art-a11be9 .schedule-row:nth-child(even) {background:#fff;box-shadow:var(--shc)}\n.dbi-art-a11be9 .schedule-row .sr-time {font-weight:700;color:var(--blue-dark)}\n.dbi-art-a11be9 .schedule-row .sr-label {font-size:11px;color:#1a6e50;font-weight:700;text-align:right}\n\n<\/style>\n\n<div class=\"dbi-art-a11be9\">\n<header class=\"hero\">\n  <div class=\"hero-tag\">\ud83e\udde0 Parkinson \u00b7 Fonctions ex\u00e9cutives \u00b7 Programme de pr\u00e9servation \u00b7 Neuropsychologie<\/div>\n  <h1>Fonctions ex\u00e9cutives et Parkinson : exercices pratiques pour les pr\u00e9server<\/h1>\n  <p class=\"hero-sub\">La maladie de Parkinson affecte les fonctions ex\u00e9cutives d\u00e8s les stades pr\u00e9coces \u2014 planification, flexibilit\u00e9, inhibition, m\u00e9moire de travail, attention. Ce programme de 20 exercices cibl\u00e9s, adapt\u00e9 aux sp\u00e9cificit\u00e9s de Parkinson, permet de les pr\u00e9server et de maintenir l'autonomie plus longtemps.<\/p>\n<\/header>\n\n<main class=\"container\">\n\n<div class=\"intro-box\"><p>La maladie de Parkinson est connue pour ses sympt\u00f4mes moteurs \u2014 tremblements, rigidit\u00e9, bradykin\u00e9sie. Mais au-del\u00e0 du tableau moteur, un autre terrain neuropsychologique s'\u00e9rode progressivement et de fa\u00e7on souvent silencieuse : les <strong>fonctions ex\u00e9cutives<\/strong>. Ces capacit\u00e9s de haut niveau \u2014 planifier une s\u00e9quence d'actions, s'adapter quand les r\u00e8gles changent, r\u00e9sister \u00e0 une impulsion, maintenir plusieurs informations \u00e0 l'esprit simultan\u00e9ment \u2014 sont pr\u00e9cis\u00e9ment celles dont d\u00e9pend l'autonomie quotidienne. Se pr\u00e9parer le matin, g\u00e9rer ses m\u00e9dicaments, cuisiner un repas, g\u00e9rer son agenda : toutes ces activit\u00e9s mobilisent les fonctions ex\u00e9cutives. Ce guide propose un programme de 20 exercices pratiques organis\u00e9s par fonction ex\u00e9cutive, sp\u00e9cifiquement con\u00e7us pour les contraintes de la maladie de Parkinson \u2014 adapt\u00e9s aux fluctuations on\/off, accessibles malgr\u00e9 les sympt\u00f4mes moteurs, et progressifs pour suivre l'\u00e9volution de chaque patient.<\/p><\/div>\n\n<h2>1. Les fonctions ex\u00e9cutives dans la maladie de Parkinson<\/h2>\n\n<h3>1.1 Pourquoi Parkinson touche sp\u00e9cifiquement les fonctions ex\u00e9cutives<\/h3>\n<p>Les fonctions ex\u00e9cutives (FE) sont principalement sous-tendues par le <strong>cortex pr\u00e9frontal<\/strong> et ses connexions avec les ganglions de la base \u2014 les noyaux gris centraux au c\u0153ur de la pathologie parkinsonienne. La maladie de Parkinson provoque une d\u00e9pl\u00e9tion dopaminergique dans les circuits nigro-stri\u00e9s qui gouvernent non seulement le contr\u00f4le moteur mais aussi les boucles fronto-striatales impliqu\u00e9es dans les FE. D\u00e8s les stades pr\u00e9coces de la maladie, avant m\u00eame que les troubles moteurs soient invalidants, des d\u00e9ficits subtils des fonctions ex\u00e9cutives sont d\u00e9tectables par des tests neuropsychologiques sensibles.<\/p>\n<p>Ces d\u00e9ficits ex\u00e9cutifs parkinsoniens ont un profil caract\u00e9ristique : ils touchent prioritairement la <strong>flexibilit\u00e9 cognitive<\/strong> (la difficult\u00e9 \u00e0 changer de strat\u00e9gie ou \u00e0 s'adapter \u00e0 de nouvelles r\u00e8gles), la <strong>fluidit\u00e9 verbale<\/strong> (notamment la fluence de g\u00e9n\u00e9ration), la <strong>planification<\/strong> (difficult\u00e9 \u00e0 organiser des s\u00e9quences d'actions complexes), et la <strong>m\u00e9moire de travail<\/strong> (r\u00e9duisant la capacit\u00e9 \u00e0 maintenir et manipuler plusieurs informations simultan\u00e9ment). Ces d\u00e9ficits sont distincts de ceux observ\u00e9s dans la maladie d'Alzheimer \u2014 o\u00f9 la m\u00e9moire \u00e9pisodique est touch\u00e9e en priorit\u00e9 \u2014 ce qui explique pourquoi les personnes atteintes de Parkinson peuvent avoir des difficult\u00e9s \u00e0 planifier un voyage tout en se souvenant parfaitement de leur dernier anniversaire.<\/p>\n\n<div class=\"stats-grid\">\n  <div class=\"stat-card blue\">\n    <span class=\"stat-num\">50\u201370 %<\/span>\n    <span class=\"stat-label\">des patients Parkinson pr\u00e9sentent des d\u00e9ficits ex\u00e9cutifs mesurables d\u00e8s les stades pr\u00e9coces (Aarsland et al., 2017)<\/span>\n  <\/div>\n  <div class=\"stat-card teal\">\n    <span class=\"stat-num\">3\u20135 ans<\/span>\n    <span class=\"stat-label\">d'avance : les d\u00e9ficits ex\u00e9cutifs pr\u00e9c\u00e8dent souvent les d\u00e9ficits de m\u00e9moire dans Parkinson, contrairement \u00e0 Alzheimer<\/span>\n  <\/div>\n  <div class=\"stat-card pink\">\n    <span class=\"stat-num\">+40 %<\/span>\n    <span class=\"stat-label\">d'am\u00e9lioration des FE chez les patients Parkinson suivant un programme combin\u00e9 stimulation cognitive + activit\u00e9 physique vs. contr\u00f4le (Cruise et al., 2021)<\/span>\n  <\/div>\n  <div class=\"stat-card yellow\">\n    <span class=\"stat-num\">5 FE<\/span>\n    <span class=\"stat-label\">principalement touch\u00e9es : planification, flexibilit\u00e9, inhibition, m\u00e9moire de travail, attention divis\u00e9e \u2014 programme sp\u00e9cifique pour chacune<\/span>\n  <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<h3>1.2 Le tableau clinique : comment les d\u00e9ficits ex\u00e9cutifs se manifestent au quotidien<\/h3>\n<p>Les d\u00e9ficits ex\u00e9cutifs parkinsoniens ne se manifestent pas toujours de fa\u00e7on \u00e9vidente lors d'une conversation ordinaire \u2014 c'est pourquoi ils sont souvent sous-estim\u00e9s par les patients eux-m\u00eames et par leur entourage. Ils deviennent apparents lors de t\u00e2ches qui exigent une organisation complexe, une adaptation rapide ou une gestion simultan\u00e9e de plusieurs informations.<\/p>\n\n<table class=\"dynseo-table\">\n  <thead>\n    <tr>\n      <th>Fonction ex\u00e9cutive<\/th>\n      <th>D\u00e9ficit dans Parkinson<\/th>\n      <th>Manifestation quotidienne<\/th>\n      <th>Impact sur l'autonomie<\/th>\n    <\/tr>\n  <\/thead>\n  <tbody>\n    <tr>\n      <td><strong>Planification<\/strong><\/td>\n      <td><span class=\"badge badge-pink\">Mod\u00e9r\u00e9 \u00e0 s\u00e9v\u00e8re<\/span><\/td>\n      <td>Difficult\u00e9 \u00e0 organiser une s\u00e9quence d'actions (recette, trajet), oubli d'\u00e9tapes<\/td>\n      <td>Cuisine, gestion des m\u00e9dicaments, pr\u00e9paration des sorties<\/td>\n    <\/tr>\n    <tr>\n      <td><strong>Flexibilit\u00e9 cognitive<\/strong><\/td>\n      <td><span class=\"badge badge-pink\">Touch\u00e9 pr\u00e9cocement<\/span><\/td>\n      <td>Pers\u00e9v\u00e9ration sur une strat\u00e9gie m\u00eame quand elle ne marche plus, difficult\u00e9 \u00e0 changer de sujet ou de t\u00e2che<\/td>\n      <td>Adaptation aux impr\u00e9vus, conversations sociales, conduite<\/td>\n    <\/tr>\n    <tr>\n      <td><strong>Inhibition<\/strong><\/td>\n      <td><span class=\"badge badge-yellow\">Variable<\/span><\/td>\n      <td>Tendance \u00e0 finaliser les mouvements automatiques (freeze paradoxal), r\u00e9ponses impulsives, difficult\u00e9 \u00e0 ignorer les distracteurs<\/td>\n      <td>S\u00e9curit\u00e9 \u00e0 domicile, gestion des achats impulsifs, conversations<\/td>\n    <\/tr>\n    <tr>\n      <td><strong>M\u00e9moire de travail<\/strong><\/td>\n      <td><span class=\"badge badge-pink\">Mod\u00e9r\u00e9<\/span><\/td>\n      <td>Perd le fil d'une conversation, oublie ce qu'il faisait en passant d'une pi\u00e8ce \u00e0 l'autre, difficult\u00e9 \u00e0 faire deux choses \u00e0 la fois<\/td>\n      <td>Double t\u00e2che, gestion de l'agenda, suivi des conversations<\/td>\n    <\/tr>\n    <tr>\n      <td><strong>Attention divis\u00e9e<\/strong><\/td>\n      <td><span class=\"badge badge-pink\">Touch\u00e9 pr\u00e9cocement<\/span><\/td>\n      <td>Difficult\u00e9s marqu\u00e9es \u00e0 partager l'attention entre deux t\u00e2ches simultan\u00e9es \u2014 particuli\u00e8rement la double t\u00e2che marche + parler<\/td>\n      <td>S\u00e9curit\u00e9 \u00e0 la marche, cuisine, conversation pendant une activit\u00e9<\/td>\n    <\/tr>\n  <\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n<h3>1.3 La double t\u00e2che : d\u00e9fi sp\u00e9cifique de Parkinson<\/h3>\n<p>L'une des manifestations les plus sp\u00e9cifiques et les plus document\u00e9es des d\u00e9ficits ex\u00e9cutifs dans Parkinson est la difficult\u00e9 avec les <strong>doubles t\u00e2ches<\/strong> \u2014 effectuer deux activit\u00e9s simultan\u00e9ment. Un ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne bien connu des cliniciens est la d\u00e9t\u00e9rioration de la marche quand le patient parle en m\u00eame temps : la conversation absorbe des ressources attentionnelles qui devraient \u00eatre disponibles pour la r\u00e9gulation automatique de la marche, entra\u00eenant un ralentissement, une instabilit\u00e9 ou m\u00eame une immobilisation (freezing). Ce n'est pas de la distraction ordinaire \u2014 c'est une manifestation directe du d\u00e9ficit ex\u00e9cutif frontal dans la gestion de ressources attentionnelles limit\u00e9es.<\/p>\n<p>Cette particularit\u00e9 a une implication importante pour le programme d'exercices : la stimulation des FE chez le patient Parkinson doit inclure des exercices de double t\u00e2che progressifs, mais toujours en garantissant la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 physique \u2014 jamais pendant une marche rapide ou sur un terrain irr\u00e9gulier aux stades mod\u00e9r\u00e9s ou avanc\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n<div class=\"teal-box\"><p>\ud83e\udde0 <strong>Sp\u00e9cificit\u00e9 Parkinson :<\/strong> Contrairement aux programmes g\u00e9n\u00e9raux de stimulation cognitive, un programme sp\u00e9cifique pour Parkinson doit syst\u00e9matiquement tenir compte des fen\u00eatres on\/off du traitement dopaminergique. Les exercices les plus exigeants sur le plan cognitif (flexibilit\u00e9, inhibition, double t\u00e2che) doivent \u00eatre planifi\u00e9s pendant les phases \u00ab on \u00bb \u2014 soit 30 \u00e0 90 minutes apr\u00e8s la prise du traitement. Les exercices plus doux (planification simple, ancrage autobiographique) peuvent \u00eatre pratiqu\u00e9s en p\u00e9riode de moindre efficacit\u00e9 du traitement.<\/p><\/div>\n\n<h2>2. Programme de 20 exercices par fonction ex\u00e9cutive<\/h2>\n\n<!-- FE 1: PLANIFICATION -->\n<div class=\"fe-section\">\n  \n<div class=\"fe-section-header\">\n    <div class=\"fe-icon\">\ud83d\uddfa\ufe0f<\/div>\n    <div>\n      <h3>FE 1 \u2014 Planification s\u00e9quentielle<\/h3>\n      <span>Organiser une s\u00e9quence d'actions pour atteindre un objectif \u00b7 Exercices 1\u20134<\/span>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n  <div class=\"fe-exo-grid\">\n    <div class=\"fe-exo\">\n      <h5>Planification de la journ\u00e9e en cr\u00e9neaux<\/h5>\n      <p>Chaque matin, planifier la journ\u00e9e en notant 4 \u00e0 6 activit\u00e9s avec leur heure estim\u00e9e et l'ordre optimal. En fin de journ\u00e9e, comparer plan et r\u00e9alisation : qu'est-ce qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 modifi\u00e9 ? Pourquoi ? Cette r\u00e9flexion m\u00e9ta-planification renforce les circuits pr\u00e9frontaux de planification tout en restant proche de la vie r\u00e9elle.<\/p>\n      <div class=\"fe-meta\"><span class=\"fe-badge\">\u23f1 8 min<\/span><span class=\"fe-badge\">\ud83d\udcf6 Accessible<\/span><span class=\"fe-badge\">\ud83d\uddd3\ufe0f Fonctionnel<\/span><\/div>\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"fe-exo\">\n      <h5>Tour de Hano\u00ef simplifi\u00e9<\/h5>\n      <p>Version 3 disques du jeu classique (disponible en version physique ou application gratuite) : d\u00e9placer tous les disques d'une tige \u00e0 une autre en respectant la r\u00e8gle (jamais un grand disque sur un petit). N\u00e9cessite une planification de 7 mouvements minimum. Commencer par 3 disques, viser 4. Excellent exercice de planification arborescente.<\/p>\n      <div class=\"fe-meta\"><span class=\"fe-badge\">\u23f1 10 min<\/span><span class=\"fe-badge\">\ud83d\udcf6 Mod\u00e9r\u00e9<\/span><span class=\"fe-badge\">\u265f\ufe0f Strat\u00e9gie<\/span><\/div>\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"fe-exo\">\n      <h5>Itin\u00e9raire imaginaire<\/h5>\n      <p>Choisir un trajet connu (aller \u00e0 la pharmacie, au march\u00e9) et le planifier verbalement \u00e0 voix haute dans l'ordre exact : points de d\u00e9part, itin\u00e9raire, arr\u00eats, ordre des achats pour optimiser le parcours, retour. Puis recommencer avec un trajet moins familier. Renforce la planification spatiale et s\u00e9quentielle.<\/p>\n      <div class=\"fe-meta\"><span class=\"fe-badge\">\u23f1 8 min<\/span><span class=\"fe-badge\">\ud83d\udcf6 Mod\u00e9r\u00e9<\/span><span class=\"fe-badge\">\ud83d\uddfa\ufe0f Visuo-spatial<\/span><\/div>\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"fe-exo\">\n      <h5>Recette mentale<\/h5>\n      <p>Choisir une recette famili\u00e8re et reconstituer mentalement toutes les \u00e9tapes dans l'ordre exact \u2014 avec les ingr\u00e9dients, les dur\u00e9es, l'ordre d'utilisation du mat\u00e9riel. V\u00e9rifier ensuite avec la vraie recette. Variante difficile : planifier deux plats simultan\u00e9s en g\u00e9rant les temps de cuisson crois\u00e9s. Tr\u00e8s proche des exigences quotidiennes d'autonomie.<\/p>\n      <div class=\"fe-meta\"><span class=\"fe-badge\">\u23f1 10 min<\/span><span class=\"fe-badge\">\ud83d\udcf6 Mod\u00e9r\u00e9 \u00e0 stimulant<\/span><span class=\"fe-badge\">\ud83c\udf73 Fonctionnel<\/span><\/div>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<!-- FE 2: FLEXIBILIT\u00c9 -->\n<div class=\"fe-section\">\n  \n<div class=\"fe-section-header\">\n    <div class=\"fe-icon\">\ud83d\udd00<\/div>\n    <div>\n      <h3>FE 2 \u2014 Flexibilit\u00e9 cognitive<\/h3>\n      <span>S'adapter quand les r\u00e8gles changent \u00b7 Exercices 5\u20138<\/span>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n  <div class=\"fe-exo-grid\">\n    <div class=\"fe-exo pink-t\">\n      <h5>T\u00e2che de tri altern\u00e9 (DCCS simplifi\u00e9)<\/h5>\n      <p>Trier des cartes images selon la couleur pendant 2 minutes, puis changer de r\u00e8gle (trier selon la forme, ou selon le nombre d'\u00e9l\u00e9ments) sur signal. L'exercice est difficile non pas \u00e0 cause des r\u00e8gles elles-m\u00eames, mais \u00e0 cause de la n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 d'inhiber la r\u00e8gle pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente. R\u00e9p\u00e9ter l'alternance 4 \u00e0 6 fois sur la s\u00e9ance.<\/p>\n      <div class=\"fe-meta\"><span class=\"fe-badge\">\u23f1 10 min<\/span><span class=\"fe-badge\">\ud83d\udcf6 Mod\u00e9r\u00e9<\/span><span class=\"fe-badge\">\ud83c\udccf Manipulatoire<\/span><\/div>\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"fe-exo pink-t\">\n      <h5>Lecture altern\u00e9e des nouvelles<\/h5>\n      <p>Lire un article de journal, puis imm\u00e9diatement donner oralement l'opinion oppos\u00e9e \u00e0 celle exprim\u00e9e dans l'article. Cet exercice de renversement de perspective mobilise la flexibilit\u00e9 cognitive et la th\u00e9orie de l'esprit. Commencer avec des sujets neutres (sport, culture), progresser vers des sujets plus complexes (politique, soci\u00e9t\u00e9).<\/p>\n      <div class=\"fe-meta\"><span class=\"fe-badge\">\u23f1 8 min<\/span><span class=\"fe-badge\">\ud83d\udcf6 Stimulant<\/span><span class=\"fe-badge\">\ud83d\udcac Verbal<\/span><\/div>\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"fe-exo pink-t\">\n      <h5>Fluence par cat\u00e9gories altern\u00e9es<\/h5>\n      <p>Nommer en alternance un animal, puis un meuble, puis un animal, puis un meuble (etc.) pendant 3 minutes. La contrainte d'alternance \u2014 changer de cat\u00e9gorie \u00e0 chaque item \u2014 teste directement la flexibilit\u00e9 cognitive et la fluidit\u00e9 verbale, toutes deux touch\u00e9es dans Parkinson. Variante difficile : 3 cat\u00e9gories en rotation.<\/p>\n      <div class=\"fe-meta\"><span class=\"fe-badge\">\u23f1 5 min<\/span><span class=\"fe-badge\">\ud83d\udcf6 Mod\u00e9r\u00e9<\/span><span class=\"fe-badge\">\ud83d\udde3\ufe0f Verbal<\/span><\/div>\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"fe-exo pink-t\">\n      <h5>Jeu des contraires contextuels<\/h5>\n      <p>Donner l'antonyme de mots pr\u00e9sent\u00e9s al\u00e9atoirement (rapide\/lent, grand\/petit) \u2014 exercice facile. Puis inverser : chaque fois qu'un mot est pr\u00e9sent\u00e9, donner un synonyme SAUF pour les mots de couleur (donner l'antonyme). Ce changement de r\u00e8gle contextuelle imite les d\u00e9fis quotidiens de l'adaptation aux r\u00e8gles changeantes.<\/p>\n      <div class=\"fe-meta\"><span class=\"fe-badge\">\u23f1 8 min<\/span><span class=\"fe-badge\">\ud83d\udcf6 Stimulant<\/span><span class=\"fe-badge\">\ud83e\udde9 Cognitif<\/span><\/div>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<!-- FE 3: INHIBITION -->\n<div class=\"fe-section\">\n  \n<div class=\"fe-section-header\">\n    <div class=\"fe-icon\">\ud83d\uded1<\/div>\n    <div>\n      <h3>FE 3 \u2014 Inhibition et contr\u00f4le de la r\u00e9ponse<\/h3>\n      <span>R\u00e9sister \u00e0 une r\u00e9ponse automatique \u00b7 Exercices 9\u201312<\/span>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n  <div class=\"fe-exo-grid\">\n    <div class=\"fe-exo blue-t\">\n      <h5>Stroop oral simplifi\u00e9<\/h5>\n      <p>L'adulte pr\u00e9sente des mots de couleurs \u00e9crits dans une encre diff\u00e9rente (le mot \u00ab ROUGE \u00bb \u00e9crit en bleu). Le patient doit nommer la couleur de l'encre \u2014 pas le mot \u00e9crit. R\u00e9sister \u00e0 l'impulsion de lire le mot est la difficult\u00e9 principale. Commencer lentement, sans contrainte de temps, progresser vers une cadence plus rapide.<\/p>\n      <div class=\"fe-meta\"><span class=\"fe-badge\">\u23f1 5 min<\/span><span class=\"fe-badge\">\ud83d\udcf6 Mod\u00e9r\u00e9<\/span><span class=\"fe-badge\">\ud83d\udc41\ufe0f Visuel-verbal<\/span><\/div>\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"fe-exo blue-t\">\n      <h5>Stop-and-Go vocal<\/h5>\n      <p>Le patient r\u00e9cite les jours de la semaine ou les mois. Sur signal (main lev\u00e9e ou bruit), il s'arr\u00eate imm\u00e9diatement. Sur un second signal, il reprend o\u00f9 il s'\u00e9tait arr\u00eat\u00e9. L'inhibition d'une s\u00e9quence automatique bien apprise est particuli\u00e8rement pertinente dans Parkinson (freezing). R\u00e9p\u00e9ter 8 \u00e0 10 fois sur la s\u00e9ance.<\/p>\n      <div class=\"fe-meta\"><span class=\"fe-badge\">\u23f1 5 min<\/span><span class=\"fe-badge\">\ud83d\udcf6 Facile<\/span><span class=\"fe-badge\">\ud83d\udde3\ufe0f S\u00e9quentiel<\/span><\/div>\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"fe-exo blue-t\">\n      <h5>Oui-Non invers\u00e9<\/h5>\n      <p>Poser des questions auxquelles la r\u00e9ponse naturelle serait \u00ab oui \u00bb \u2014 le patient doit r\u00e9pondre \u00ab non \u00bb et vice-versa. \u00ab Est-ce qu'il fait nuit en ce moment ? (non) \u2192 r\u00e9pondre oui. \u00bb Exercice d'inhibition simple et ludique, facilement r\u00e9alisable \u00e0 domicile ou en s\u00e9ance. Progresser vers des questions plus complexes.<\/p>\n      <div class=\"fe-meta\"><span class=\"fe-badge\">\u23f1 5 min<\/span><span class=\"fe-badge\">\ud83d\udcf6 Facile<\/span><span class=\"fe-badge\">\ud83d\udcac Ludique<\/span><\/div>\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"fe-exo blue-t\">\n      <h5>Lecture s\u00e9lective avec crit\u00e8re d'inhibition<\/h5>\n      <p>Lire un texte court en sautant tous les mots d'une cat\u00e9gorie d\u00e9finie (ex : sauter tous les mots de couleur, ou tous les noms d'animaux) sans les dire \u00e0 voix haute. L'inhibition de mots sp\u00e9cifiques dans un flux de lecture continu est une forme avanc\u00e9e de l'exercice d'inhibition, plus proche des exigences cognitives quotidiennes.<\/p>\n      <div class=\"fe-meta\"><span class=\"fe-badge\">\u23f1 8 min<\/span><span class=\"fe-badge\">\ud83d\udcf6 Stimulant<\/span><span class=\"fe-badge\">\ud83d\udcda Lecture<\/span><\/div>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<!-- FE 4: M\u00c9MOIRE DE TRAVAIL -->\n<div class=\"fe-section\">\n  \n<div class=\"fe-section-header\">\n    <div class=\"fe-icon\">\ud83d\udcbe<\/div>\n    <div>\n      <h3>FE 4 \u2014 M\u00e9moire de travail<\/h3>\n      <span>Maintenir et manipuler des informations \u00e0 court terme \u00b7 Exercices 13\u201316<\/span>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n  <div class=\"fe-exo-grid\">\n    <div class=\"fe-exo yellow-t\">\n      <h5>Empan de chiffres invers\u00e9<\/h5>\n      <p>L'aidant ou l'orthophoniste \u00e9nonce une s\u00e9rie de chiffres (commencer par 3) que le patient r\u00e9p\u00e8te \u00e0 l'envers. Ex : \u00ab 4 \u2013 7 \u2013 2 \u00bb \u2192 r\u00e9pondre \u00ab 2 \u2013 7 \u2013 4 \u00bb. Augmenter progressivement la longueur de la s\u00e9rie. C'est l'exercice de m\u00e9moire de travail le plus directement corr\u00e9l\u00e9 aux performances de la vie quotidienne chez les patients Parkinson.<\/p>\n      <div class=\"fe-meta\"><span class=\"fe-badge\">\u23f1 5 min<\/span><span class=\"fe-badge\">\ud83d\udcf6 Mod\u00e9r\u00e9<\/span><span class=\"fe-badge\">\ud83d\udd22 Verbal<\/span><\/div>\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"fe-exo yellow-t\">\n      <h5>Message en plusieurs \u00e9tapes<\/h5>\n      <p>M\u00e9moriser 3 \u00e0 4 actions \u00e0 r\u00e9aliser dans l'ordre dans diff\u00e9rentes pi\u00e8ces (ex : \u00ab 1. Poser un livre dans la chambre, 2. \u00c9teindre la lumi\u00e8re du couloir, 3. Revenir en prenant le chemin le plus long \u00bb). La m\u00e9moire de travail prospective et spatiale est l'une des plus fonctionnellement importantes dans la vie quotidienne parkinsonienne.<\/p>\n      <div class=\"fe-meta\"><span class=\"fe-badge\">\u23f1 8 min<\/span><span class=\"fe-badge\">\ud83d\udcf6 Mod\u00e9r\u00e9<\/span><span class=\"fe-badge\">\ud83c\udfc3 Fonctionnel<\/span><\/div>\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"fe-exo yellow-t\">\n      <h5>Calcul mental en s\u00e9rie<\/h5>\n      <p>Commencer \u00e0 100, soustraire 7 \u00e0 chaque fois : 100, 93, 86, 79... Maintenir le r\u00e9sultat courant tout en calculant la soustraction suivante est une double sollicitation de m\u00e9moire de travail. Ajuster selon le niveau (soustraire 3 pour faciliter, soustraire 7 pour une difficult\u00e9 standard, 13 pour un d\u00e9fi).<\/p>\n      <div class=\"fe-meta\"><span class=\"fe-badge\">\u23f1 5 min<\/span><span class=\"fe-badge\">\ud83d\udcf6 Mod\u00e9r\u00e9<\/span><span class=\"fe-badge\">\ud83d\udd22 Calcul<\/span><\/div>\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"fe-exo yellow-t\">\n      <h5>R\u00e9sum\u00e9 diff\u00e9r\u00e9 de lecture<\/h5>\n      <p>Lire un texte court (10 lignes), poser le texte, attendre 5 minutes (pendant lesquelles une autre activit\u00e9 est r\u00e9alis\u00e9e), puis r\u00e9sumer le texte de m\u00e9moire \u2014 id\u00e9es principales, d\u00e9tails retenus, opinion. L'interf\u00e9rence volontaire entre l'encodage et le rappel simule les distractions de la vie quotidienne qui perturbent la m\u00e9moire de travail parkinsonienne.<\/p>\n      <div class=\"fe-meta\"><span class=\"fe-badge\">\u23f1 12 min<\/span><span class=\"fe-badge\">\ud83d\udcf6 Stimulant<\/span><span class=\"fe-badge\">\ud83d\udcda Rappel diff\u00e9r\u00e9<\/span><\/div>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<!-- FE 5: ATTENTION DIVIS\u00c9E -->\n<div class=\"fe-section\">\n  \n<div class=\"fe-section-header\">\n    <div class=\"fe-icon\">\ud83c\udfaf<\/div>\n    <div>\n      <h3>FE 5 \u2014 Divided attention and secure dual task<\/h3>\n      <span>Share attention between two tasks \u00b7 Exercises 17\u201320 \u00b7 Safety priority<\/span>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n  <p style=\"font-size:13px;color:var(--text-light);margin-bottom:16px\">\u26a0\ufe0f These exercises should never be performed while walking on uneven ground or in a fall-risk situation. Always seated or standing stable, on flat and clear ground for motor variants.<\/p>\n  <div class=\"fe-exo-grid\">\n    <div class=\"fe-exo\">\n      <h5>Sitting dual task: counting + sorting<\/h5>\n      <p>Sitting, sort colored cards with one hand while the other taps a steady rhythm on the table. Then switch hands. Next, sort the cards while counting aloud backwards from 20. This sitting dual task is secure and directly targets central attentional sharing.<\/p>\n      <div class=\"fe-meta\"><span class=\"fe-badge\">\u23f1 8 min<\/span><span class=\"fe-badge\">\ud83d\udcf6 Moderate<\/span><span class=\"fe-badge\">\u2705 Secure<\/span><\/div>\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"fe-exo\">\n      <h5>Rhythmic walking with counting (flat ground, accompanied)<\/h5>\n      <p>On flat, clear ground, accompanied by a relative or a physiotherapist: walk while counting aloud by 2s. Start with 30-second periods, gradually increasing. The goal is not speed but the simultaneous maintenance of walking AND counting. Stop as soon as the gait deteriorates.<\/p>\n      <div class=\"fe-meta\"><span class=\"fe-badge\">\u23f1 10 min<\/span><span class=\"fe-badge\">\ud83d\udcf6 Stimulating<\/span><span class=\"fe-badge\">\ud83d\udeb6 Accompanied<\/span><\/div>\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"fe-exo\">\n      <h5>Conversation during a simple manual task<\/h5>\n      <p>Perform a simple automated manual task (folding laundry, sorting coins) while maintaining a normal conversation with a relative. Deliberately shift the main attention from the task to the conversation and vice versa. Exercise close to the most demanding daily situations in terms of divided attention.<\/p>\n      <div class=\"fe-meta\"><span class=\"fe-badge\">\u23f1 10 min<\/span><span class=\"fe-badge\">\ud83d\udcf6 Moderate<\/span><span class=\"fe-badge\">\ud83c\udfe0 Daily life<\/span><\/div>\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"fe-exo\">\n      <h5>Reading aloud + sensory monitoring<\/h5>\n      <p>Read a text aloud while being simultaneously attentive to the sounds of the environment \u2014 signal each time a particular sound (bird, car, clock) is heard. Exercise of auditory-visual divided attention that involves no motor risk and can be practiced independently.<\/p>\n      <div class=\"fe-meta\"><span class=\"fe-badge\">\u23f1 8 min<\/span><span class=\"fe-badge\">\ud83d\udcf6 Moderate<\/span><span class=\"fe-badge\">\ud83d\udd0a Sensory<\/span><\/div>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<h2>3. Adapt the program to Parkinson's fluctuations<\/h2>\n\n<h3>3.1 Understanding and using on\/off windows<\/h3>\n<p>The vast majority of Parkinson's patients treated with levodopa experience fluctuations in treatment effectiveness throughout the day. \"On\" periods \u2014 when the treatment is effective \u2014 offer better mobility, greater energy, and optimized cognitive abilities. \"Off\" periods \u2014 at the end of treatment effectiveness \u2014 are accompanied by motor and cognitive slowing, increased fatigue, and sometimes dysphoria. Adapting the executive function stimulation program to this cycle is essential to maximize its effectiveness and to avoid counterproductive sessions conducted during periods of low cognitive availability.<\/p>\n\n<div class=\"process-track\">\n  <div class=\"process-step\">\n    <div class=\"ps-standard\">\n      <span class=\"ps-label\">\ud83d\udd34 OFF Period or cognitive fatigue<\/span>\n      <h5>Exercises not recommended<\/h5>\n      <p>Dual task, Stroop, Tower of Hanoi, mental calculation in series \u2014 these demanding exercises during reduced effectiveness periods generate frustration, errors, and can discourage the continuation of the program.<\/p>\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"ps-adapted\">\n      <span class=\"ps-label\">\u2705 Exercises adapted to the OFF period<\/span>\n      <h5>Light and maintenance exercises<\/h5>\n      <p>Daily planning, simple mental recipe, gentle thematic conversation, emotional recognition exercises (Facial Expression Decoder). These activities maintain cognitive engagement without overloading.<\/p>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n  <div class=\"process-step\">\n    <div class=\"ps-standard\">\n      <span class=\"ps-label\">\ud83d\udfe2 Optimal ON Period<\/span>\n      <h5>Ideal window for demanding exercises<\/h5>\n      <p>30 to 90 minutes after taking the treatment: this is the ideal time for flexibility, inhibition, dual task, and intensive working memory exercises. Plan the most ambitious sessions at these times.<\/p>\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"ps-adapted\">\n      <span class=\"ps-label\">\u2705 Recommended sequence during the ON period<\/span>\n      <h5>Complete program of 25-30 minutes<\/h5>\n      <p>5 min heart coherence (activation) \u2192 8 min demanding EF exercise (flexibility or inhibition) \u2192 8 min moderate EF exercise (working memory) \u2192 5 min gentle exercise (planning or emotional recognition) \u2192 assessment.<\/p>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<h3>3.2 The role of the Facial Expression Decoder in Parkinson's<\/h3>\n<p>A often overlooked deficit in Parkinson's disease is the difficulty in recognizing and interpreting the emotional expressions of others \u2014 a disorder related to hypomimia (reduction of the patient's own facial expressions) and changes in amygdala and striatal circuits. This social cognition deficit has direct consequences on daily interactions: the patient may miss important emotional signals in a conversation, leading to misunderstandings and gradual social withdrawal.<\/p>\n<p>Daily exercise with the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.dynseo.com\/nos-outils\/decodeur-dexpressions-faciales\/\">DYNSEO Facial Expression Decoder<\/a> \u2014 identifying and naming emotions on photographed faces \u2014 is a direct and targeted training of this ability. It can be integrated into the EF stimulation program as an exercise in social attention and recognition of non-verbal cues, particularly suited for periods of cognitive fatigue as it does not require complex verbal production.<\/p>\n\n<h2>3 bis. Integrate EF into daily activities<\/h2>\n\n<h3>Ordinary activities as a continuous stimulation ground<\/h3>\n<p>Beyond structured exercise sessions, everyday life itself offers permanent opportunities for executive function stimulation \u2014 provided they are approached deliberately and consciously. For Parkinson's patients, whose cognitive availability windows are limited, maximizing the impact of each ordinary activity is as important a strategy as formal exercises.<\/p>\n<p>The <strong>meal preparation<\/strong> is one of the richest domestic activities in terms of executive stimulation: planning (defining the order of preparations), flexibility (adapting if an ingredient is missing), working memory (remembering completed and upcoming steps), inhibition (resisting tasting before finishing), and divided attention (monitoring cooking while preparing something else). Encouraging the patient to prepare their own meal for as long as possible \u2014 with safety adaptations if necessary \u2014 is an invaluable daily executive exercise.<\/p>\n<p>The <strong>medication management<\/strong> is another central executive activity for Parkinson's patients: noting their intakes, planning times according to meals, anticipating restocking, adapting if a pill has been forgotten. Using a weekly pill organizer, a displayed tracking chart, or a reminder app is not a capitulation to the disease \u2014 it is an executive compensation strategy that frees cognitive resources for other more stimulating activities.<\/p>\n<p>The <a href=\"https:\/\/www.dynseo.com\/nos-outils\/roue-des-choix\/\">DYNSEO Wheel of Choices<\/a> makes perfect sense here: faced with Parkinsonian apathy that can paralyze initiative (\"I don't know what to do, so I do nothing\"), the wheel of choices visually proposes options for cognitively stimulating activities \u2014 gardening, reading, calling a friend, preparing a recipe. Each small act of decision and initiation exercises the prefrontal circuits against apathy, gradually preserving decision-making autonomy.<\/p>\n\n<h2>4. DYNSEO tools to support the program<\/h2>\n\n<div class=\"formation-block\">\n  <div class=\"fb-body\">\n    <div class=\"fb-tag\">\ud83c\udf93 Certified training \u00b7 Qualiopi No. 11757351875<\/div>\n    <h3>Behavior changes related to the disease \u2014 Practical guide for relatives<\/h3>\n    <p>Daily support for a person with Parkinson's requires understanding not only the motor symptoms but also the cognitive and behavioral changes related to executive deficits. This Qualiopi certified training provides family caregivers with neurobiological benchmarks, adapted communication strategies, and tools to maintain their own balance in this demanding role.<\/p>\n    <div class=\"fb-meta\">\n      <span>\ud83d\udc68\u200d\ud83d\udc69\u200d\ud83d\udc67 Families and caregivers of Parkinson's patients<\/span>\n      <span>\ud83d\udcbb 100% online, at your own pace<\/span>\n      <span>\ud83c\udfc6 Qualiopi certified<\/span>\n      <span>\ud83e\udde0 Accessible neurological approach<\/span>\n    <\/div>\n    <a href=\"https:\/\/www.dynseo.com\/courses\/changements-de-comportement-lies-a-maladie-guide-pratique-pour-les-proches\" class=\"btn-primary\">Discover the training \u2192<\/a>\n  <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<h3>DYNSEO practical tools<\/h3>\n<div class=\"tools-grid\">\n  <div class=\"tool-card\">\n    <h5>\ud83c\udf21\ufe0f Emotion thermometer<\/h5>\n    <p>Assess emotional state and level of cognitive fatigue before each session \u2014 essential for choosing the exercise level suited to the day's on\/off windows.<\/p>\n    <a href=\"https:\/\/www.dynseo.com\/nos-outils\/thermometre-des-emotions\/\">Download \u2192<\/a>\n  <\/div>\n  <div class=\"tool-card\">\n    <h5>\ud83c\udfa1 Wheel of choices<\/h5>\n    <p>Support decision-making autonomy weakened by Parkinsonian apathy \u2014 choosing the exercise of the day from available options maintains personal initiative and engagement in the program.<\/p>\n    <a href=\"https:\/\/www.dynseo.com\/nos-outils\/roue-des-choix\/\">Download \u2192<\/a>\n  <\/div>\n  <div class=\"tool-card\">\n    <h5>\ud83d\ude0a Facial Expression Decoder<\/h5>\n    <p>Exercise 18 of the program \u2014 trains the recognition of emotions on faces, a capacity diminished in Parkinson's with real social consequences. Accessible even during periods of cognitive fatigue.<\/p>\n    <a href=\"https:\/\/www.dynseo.com\/nos-outils\/decodeur-dexpressions-faciales\/\">Download \u2192<\/a>\n  <\/div>\n  <div class=\"tool-card\">\n    <h5>\ud83d\udd0a Complex sounds picture book<\/h5>\n    <p>Progressive auditory cognitive training \u2014 stimulates sound recognition and auditory attention, important complements to the specific divided attention program for Parkinson's.<\/p>\n    <a href=\"https:\/\/www.dynseo.com\/nos-outils\/imagier-des-sons-complexes\/\">Download \u2192<\/a>\n  <\/div>\n  <div class=\"tool-card\">\n    <h5>\ud83d\udde3\ufe0f Articulation tracking chart<\/h5>\n    <p>Dysarthria (speech disorders) is common in Parkinson's and affects communication during verbal exercises. This chart allows tracking of articulation progress and coordination with the speech therapist.<\/p>\n    <a href=\"https:\/\/www.dynseo.com\/nos-outils\/tableau-de-suivi-articulatoire\/\">Download \u2192<\/a>\n  <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<p>\u2192 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.dynseo.com\/nos-outils\/\">See all DYNSEO tools<\/a><\/p>\n\n<h3>DYNSEO applications for cognitive stimulation<\/h3>\n<div class=\"appli-grid\">\n  <div class=\"appli-card\">\n    <h5>\ud83d\udc74 SCARLETT \u2014 Seniors &amp; Parkinson<\/h5>\n    <p>Cognitive stimulation application for seniors designed with a touch interface adapted to Parkinsonian motor difficulties. Personalized pathways for EF and memory. Usable independently or with support.<\/p>\n    <a href=\"https:\/\/www.dynseo.com\/en\/brain-games-apps\/scarlett-brain-games-for-seniors\/\">Learn more \u2192<\/a>\n  <\/div>\n  <div class=\"appli-card\">\n    <h5>\ud83e\udde0 CLINT \u2014 Adults<\/h5>\n    <p>Cognitive remediation pathway for adults \u2014 adaptive exercises on memory, attention, and reasoning. Ideal for early and intermediate stage Parkinson's patients, as a complement to the EF program.<\/p>\n    <a href=\"https:\/\/www.dynseo.com\/en\/brain-games-apps\/clint-brain-games-for-adults\/\">Learn more \u2192<\/a>\n  <\/div>\n  <div class=\"appli-card\">\n    <h5>\ud83d\udcac MY DICTIONARY \u2014 Communication<\/h5>\n    <p>For Parkinson's patients developing severe verbal expression difficulties (advanced dysarthria, Parkinsonian aphasia) \u2014 maintain communication despite language disorders.<\/p>\n    <a href=\"https:\/\/www.dynseo.com\/mon-dico-une-application-pour-favoriser-la-communication\/\">Learn more \u2192<\/a>\n  <\/div>\n  <div class=\"appli-card\">\n    <h5>\ud83e\udd16 DYNSEO AI Coach<\/h5>\n    <p>Personalized support to guide patients and relatives in choosing exercises suited to the on\/off windows, stage of the disease, and identified specific deficits.<\/p>\n    <a href=\"https:\/\/www.dynseo.com\/coach-ia\/\">Learn more \u2192<\/a>\n  <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<h3>DYNSEO cognitive tests<\/h3>\n<div class=\"formations-links\">\n  <div class=\"formation-link\">\n    <span>Non-medical test \u00b7 Online assessment<\/span>\n    <a href=\"https:\/\/www.dynseo.com\/test-memoire\/\">DYNSEO memory test<\/a>\n  <\/div>\n  <div class=\"formation-link\">\n    <span>Non-medical test \u00b7 Online assessment<\/span>\n    <a href=\"https:\/\/www.dynseo.com\/test-concentration-attention\/\">Concentration and attention test<\/a>\n  <\/div>\n  <div class=\"formation-link\">\n    <span>Non-medical test \u00b7 Online assessment<\/span>\n    <a href=\"https:\/\/www.dynseo.com\/test-des-fonctions-executives\/\">Executive functions test<\/a>\n  <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u2192 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.dynseo.com\/nos-tests\/\">Access all DYNSEO cognitive tests<\/a><\/p>\n\n<h3>DYNSEO training<\/h3>\n<div class=\"formations-links\">\n  <div class=\"formation-link\">\n    <span>For families and caregivers of Parkinson's patients<\/span>\n    <a href=\"https:\/\/www.dynseo.com\/courses\/changements-de-comportement-lies-a-maladie-guide-pratique-pour-les-proches\">Behavior changes \u2014 Practical guide for relatives<\/a>\n  <\/div>\n  <div class=\"formation-link\">\n    <span>For healthcare and care professionals<\/span>\n    <a href=\"https:\/\/www.dynseo.com\/courses\/troubles-du-comportement-lies-a-la-maladie-methodes-et-coordination-pluridisciplinaire\">Behavioral disorders \u2014 Methods and multidisciplinary coordination<\/a>\n  <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u2192 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.dynseo.com\/nos-formations\/\">See the complete catalog of DYNSEO training<\/a><\/p>\n\n<div class=\"cta-block\">\n  <h3>\ud83e\udde0 Preserve your executive functions with DYNSEO<\/h3>\n  <p>SCARLETT and CLINT for daily stimulation, the 5 practical DYNSEO tools (Thermometer, Wheel of Choices, Decoder, Picture Book, Articulation Chart) and Qualiopi certified training for relatives \u2014 a comprehensive program to maintain autonomy and quality of life in Parkinson's disease.<\/p>\n  <div class=\"btns\">\n    <a href=\"https:\/\/www.dynseo.com\/en\/brain-games-apps\/scarlett-brain-games-for-seniors\/\" class=\"btn-white\">Discover SCARLETT \u2192<\/a>\n    <a href=\"https:\/\/www.dynseo.com\/test-des-fonctions-executives\/\" class=\"btn-outline\">Test my EF<\/a>\n  <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<\/main>\n<section class=\"faq-section\">\n  <div class=\"container\">\n    <h2>\u2753 FAQ \u2014 Executive Functions and Parkinson's Disease<\/h2>\n\n    <div class=\"faq-item\">\n      <h4>1. What is the difference between memory deficits in Parkinson's and those in Alzheimer's?<\/h4>\n      <p>The difference is fundamental and clinically important. In Alzheimer's disease, it is recent episodic memory that is affected first \u2014 the person forgets recent events irreversibly. In Parkinson's disease, it is primarily working memory and executive functions that are affected \u2014 the person struggles to organize and plan but can often remember recent facts if provided with retrieval cues. The neuropsychological profile is distinct enough to require different assessments and stimulation programs, even though both can coexist in advanced stages.<\/p>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <div class=\"faq-item\">\n      <h4>2. Are these exercises compatible with treatment by levodopa?<\/h4>\n      <p>Yes \u2014 and they are more effective in combination with optimized treatment. Dopaminergic treatment improves executive functions by partially restoring fronto-striatal circuits. Complementary cognitive stimulation acts on other mechanisms \u2014 neuroplasticity, strengthening alternative circuits, improving cognitive reserve \u2014 which add to the effects of the treatment. The important thing is to synchronize the most demanding cognitive sessions with the on periods of treatment and to communicate regularly with the neurologist about observed progress and difficulties.<\/p>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <div class=\"faq-item\">\n      <h4>3. Are dual-task exercises dangerous for Parkinson's patients?<\/h4>\n      <p>Improperly supervised, yes. Properly supervised, no \u2014 and they are even particularly beneficial as they directly address the dual-task deficit that characterizes Parkinson's. The fundamental precautions: never perform motor-cognitive dual tasks standing or walking without physical support from a relative or a physiotherapist, always on flat and clear ground, during on periods, with the possibility of immediate stopping. Pure cognitive dual tasks (counting + sorting cards while seated) are safe and very effective without these risks.<\/p>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <div class=\"faq-item\">\n      <h4>4. How can I tell if my executive functions are deteriorating despite the exercises?<\/h4>\n      <p>Several practical indicators: daily activities that were easy become difficult (preparing a complex meal, managing one's schedule), errors increase during usual exercises, or cognitive fatigue occurs earlier in the session. For an objective assessment, the DYNSEO executive functions test provides a non-medical indication. A complete neuropsychological assessment, conducted by a neuropsychologist every 12 to 18 months, is the clinical reference to monitor evolution and adapt the program.<\/p>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <div class=\"faq-item\">\n      <h4>5. Can stimulation of executive functions delay Lewy body dementia?<\/h4>\n      <p>No study currently proves that cognitive stimulation prevents or delays Lewy body dementia specifically. What it does \u2014 and this is clinically significant \u2014 is maintain a higher level of cognitive functioning for longer, by increasing cognitive reserve that compensates for progressive damage. Patients who maintain regular cognitive stimulation generally show better quality of life and preserved autonomy for longer, even if neuropathological progression is not halted.<\/p>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <div class=\"faq-item\">\n      <h4>6. Can these exercises be conducted by a non-professional relative?<\/h4>\n      <p>The vast majority of these exercises can be conducted by a trained relative \u2014 with the natural limits of non-professional competence. Motor dual-task exercises ideally require supervision by a physiotherapist. Other exercises (planning, flexibility, cognitive inhibition, working memory) are accessible to a motivated and informed relative. DYNSEO training for relatives provides a practical framework for conducting these exercises at home in a structured and safe manner. Regular validation by the neuropsychologist or speech therapist allows for level adjustments and detection of regressions.<\/p>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <div class=\"faq-item\">\n      <h4>7. Is SCARLETT really usable by a Parkinson's patient with tremors?<\/h4>\n      <p>SCARLETT was designed to be accessible to individuals with motor difficulties \u2014 the interface features large buttons, adjustable touch sensitivity, and vocal feedback for important elements. For patients with significant tremors, a suitable grip stylus (available at specialized pharmacies) can facilitate navigation. For severe fluctuations, it is recommended to use SCARLETT during on periods of treatment. An initial presentation by an occupational therapist is often helpful to optimize the personalized configuration of the interface.<\/p>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <div class=\"faq-item\">\n      <h4>8. Does DYNSEO training for relatives cover the cognitive specifics of Parkinson's?<\/h4>\n      <p>The training \"Behavioral Changes Related to Disease \u2014 Practical Guide for Relatives\" covers behavioral and cognitive changes related to chronic neurological diseases, including Parkinson's disease. It provides guidelines on executive deficits and their daily manifestations, communication strategies adapted to on\/off fluctuations, and practical tools to support cognitive activities at home. It is Qualiopi certified (No. 11757351875), fundable via CPF for employees, and accessible online at one's own pace from any device.<\/p>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n<\/section>\n<div class=\"container\">\n<div class=\"cta-block\">\n  <h3>\ud83e\udde0 Preserve your autonomy with a personalized FE program<\/h3>\n  <p>Executive functions are the engine of daily autonomy in Parkinson's disease. SCARLETT, CLINT, DYNSEO tools, and Qualiopi certified training accompany you in a structured program, adapted to on\/off fluctuations, and progressive to maintain quality of life for as long as possible.<\/p>\n  <div class=\"btns\">\n    <a href=\"https:\/\/www.dynseo.com\/en\/brain-games-apps\/scarlett-brain-games-for-seniors\/\" class=\"btn-white\">Discover SCARLETT \u2192<\/a>\n    <a href=\"https:\/\/www.dynseo.com\/nos-formations\/\" class=\"btn-outline\">Our training<\/a>\n  <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<footer>\n  <p>DYNSEO \u2014 Specialist in cognitive stimulation, neurodiversity, and professional training in health \u00b7 Paris 75015 \u00b7 Qualiopi No. 11757351875<\/p>\n  <div class=\"footer-links\">\n    <a href=\"https:\/\/www.dynseo.com\/nos-formations\/\">Our training<\/a>\n    <a href=\"https:\/\/www.dynseo.com\/nos-outils\/\">Our tools<\/a>\n    <a href=\"https:\/\/www.dynseo.com\/nos-tests\/\">Our tests<\/a>\n    <a href=\"https:\/\/www.dynseo.com\/en\/brain-games-apps\/scarlett-brain-games-for-seniors\/\">SCARLETT<\/a>\n    <a href=\"https:\/\/www.dynseo.com\/en\/brain-games-apps\/clint-brain-games-for-adults\/\">CLINT<\/a>\n    <a href=\"https:\/\/www.dynseo.com\/\">dynseo.com<\/a>\n  <\/div>\n<\/footer>\n<\/div>[\/et_pb_code][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section]","_et_gb_content_width":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[2915],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-748398","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-les-conseils-des-coachs"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Executive Functions and Parkinson&#039;s: Practical Exercises to Preserve Them - DYNSEO - Educational apps &amp; brain training apps for all<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.dynseo.com\/en\/executive-functions-and-parkinsons-practical-exercises-to-preserve-them\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Executive Functions and Parkinson&#039;s: Practical Exercises to Preserve Them - DYNSEO - Educational apps &amp; brain training apps for all\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.dynseo.com\/en\/executive-functions-and-parkinsons-practical-exercises-to-preserve-them\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"DYNSEO - Educational apps &amp; brain training apps for all\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2026-07-22T10:29:07+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-08-31T03:04:58+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.dynseo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/telemedecine-ehpad.png\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"500\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"500\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"DYNSEO\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"DYNSEO\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"28 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.dynseo.com\\\/en\\\/executive-functions-and-parkinsons-practical-exercises-to-preserve-them\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.dynseo.com\\\/en\\\/executive-functions-and-parkinsons-practical-exercises-to-preserve-them\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"DYNSEO\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.dynseo.com\\\/en\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/78ef63df2ee64e0989bc68f8401b38d6\"},\"headline\":\"Executive Functions and Parkinson&#8217;s: Practical Exercises to Preserve Them\",\"datePublished\":\"2026-07-22T10:29:07+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-08-31T03:04:58+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.dynseo.com\\\/en\\\/executive-functions-and-parkinsons-practical-exercises-to-preserve-them\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":5785,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.dynseo.com\\\/en\\\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.dynseo.com\\\/en\\\/executive-functions-and-parkinsons-practical-exercises-to-preserve-them\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.dynseo.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2023\\\/03\\\/telemedecine-ehpad.png\",\"articleSection\":[\"Les conseils des coachs\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.dynseo.com\\\/en\\\/executive-functions-and-parkinsons-practical-exercises-to-preserve-them\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.dynseo.com\\\/en\\\/executive-functions-and-parkinsons-practical-exercises-to-preserve-them\\\/\",\"name\":\"Executive Functions and Parkinson's: Practical Exercises to Preserve Them - DYNSEO - Educational apps &amp; brain training apps for all\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.dynseo.com\\\/en\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.dynseo.com\\\/en\\\/executive-functions-and-parkinsons-practical-exercises-to-preserve-them\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.dynseo.com\\\/en\\\/executive-functions-and-parkinsons-practical-exercises-to-preserve-them\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.dynseo.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2023\\\/03\\\/telemedecine-ehpad.png\",\"datePublished\":\"2026-07-22T10:29:07+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-08-31T03:04:58+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.dynseo.com\\\/en\\\/executive-functions-and-parkinsons-practical-exercises-to-preserve-them\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.dynseo.com\\\/en\\\/executive-functions-and-parkinsons-practical-exercises-to-preserve-them\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.dynseo.com\\\/en\\\/executive-functions-and-parkinsons-practical-exercises-to-preserve-them\\\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.dynseo.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2023\\\/03\\\/telemedecine-ehpad.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.dynseo.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2023\\\/03\\\/telemedecine-ehpad.png\",\"width\":500,\"height\":500,\"caption\":\"Empowering Young Minds: Discover the Power of Interactive Learning Apps\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.dynseo.com\\\/en\\\/executive-functions-and-parkinsons-practical-exercises-to-preserve-them\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Accueil\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.dynseo.com\\\/en\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Executive Functions and Parkinson&rsquo;s: Practical Exercises to Preserve Them\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.dynseo.com\\\/en\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.dynseo.com\\\/en\\\/\",\"name\":\"Jeux de m\u00e9moire et stimulation cognitive\",\"description\":\"DYNSEO, and your brain is a new hero!\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.dynseo.com\\\/en\\\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.dynseo.com\\\/en\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.dynseo.com\\\/en\\\/#organization\",\"name\":\"DYNSEO\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.dynseo.com\\\/en\\\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.dynseo.com\\\/en\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.dynseo.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2022\\\/05\\\/logo-dynseo-new.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.dynseo.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2022\\\/05\\\/logo-dynseo-new.png\",\"width\":5073,\"height\":1397,\"caption\":\"DYNSEO\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.dynseo.com\\\/en\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\"}},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.dynseo.com\\\/en\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/78ef63df2ee64e0989bc68f8401b38d6\",\"name\":\"DYNSEO\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.dynseo.com\\\/en\\\/author\\\/justine\\\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Executive Functions and Parkinson's: Practical Exercises to Preserve Them - DYNSEO - Educational apps &amp; brain training apps for all","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/www.dynseo.com\/en\/executive-functions-and-parkinsons-practical-exercises-to-preserve-them\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Executive Functions and Parkinson's: Practical Exercises to Preserve Them - DYNSEO - Educational apps &amp; brain training apps for all","og_url":"https:\/\/www.dynseo.com\/en\/executive-functions-and-parkinsons-practical-exercises-to-preserve-them\/","og_site_name":"DYNSEO - Educational apps &amp; brain training apps for all","article_published_time":"2026-07-22T10:29:07+00:00","article_modified_time":"2026-08-31T03:04:58+00:00","og_image":[{"width":500,"height":500,"url":"https:\/\/www.dynseo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/telemedecine-ehpad.png","type":"image\/png"}],"author":"DYNSEO","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"DYNSEO","Est. reading time":"28 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/www.dynseo.com\/en\/executive-functions-and-parkinsons-practical-exercises-to-preserve-them\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.dynseo.com\/en\/executive-functions-and-parkinsons-practical-exercises-to-preserve-them\/"},"author":{"name":"DYNSEO","@id":"https:\/\/www.dynseo.com\/en\/#\/schema\/person\/78ef63df2ee64e0989bc68f8401b38d6"},"headline":"Executive Functions and Parkinson&#8217;s: Practical Exercises to Preserve Them","datePublished":"2026-07-22T10:29:07+00:00","dateModified":"2026-08-31T03:04:58+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.dynseo.com\/en\/executive-functions-and-parkinsons-practical-exercises-to-preserve-them\/"},"wordCount":5785,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.dynseo.com\/en\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.dynseo.com\/en\/executive-functions-and-parkinsons-practical-exercises-to-preserve-them\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/www.dynseo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/telemedecine-ehpad.png","articleSection":["Les conseils des coachs"],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/www.dynseo.com\/en\/executive-functions-and-parkinsons-practical-exercises-to-preserve-them\/","url":"https:\/\/www.dynseo.com\/en\/executive-functions-and-parkinsons-practical-exercises-to-preserve-them\/","name":"Executive Functions and Parkinson's: Practical Exercises to Preserve Them - DYNSEO - Educational apps &amp; brain training apps for all","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.dynseo.com\/en\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.dynseo.com\/en\/executive-functions-and-parkinsons-practical-exercises-to-preserve-them\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.dynseo.com\/en\/executive-functions-and-parkinsons-practical-exercises-to-preserve-them\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/www.dynseo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/telemedecine-ehpad.png","datePublished":"2026-07-22T10:29:07+00:00","dateModified":"2026-08-31T03:04:58+00:00","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.dynseo.com\/en\/executive-functions-and-parkinsons-practical-exercises-to-preserve-them\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/www.dynseo.com\/en\/executive-functions-and-parkinsons-practical-exercises-to-preserve-them\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/www.dynseo.com\/en\/executive-functions-and-parkinsons-practical-exercises-to-preserve-them\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/www.dynseo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/telemedecine-ehpad.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.dynseo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/telemedecine-ehpad.png","width":500,"height":500,"caption":"Empowering Young Minds: Discover the Power of Interactive Learning Apps"},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/www.dynseo.com\/en\/executive-functions-and-parkinsons-practical-exercises-to-preserve-them\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Accueil","item":"https:\/\/www.dynseo.com\/en\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Executive Functions and Parkinson&rsquo;s: Practical Exercises to Preserve Them"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/www.dynseo.com\/en\/#website","url":"https:\/\/www.dynseo.com\/en\/","name":"Jeux de m\u00e9moire et stimulation cognitive","description":"DYNSEO, and your brain is a new hero!","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.dynseo.com\/en\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/www.dynseo.com\/en\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/www.dynseo.com\/en\/#organization","name":"DYNSEO","url":"https:\/\/www.dynseo.com\/en\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/www.dynseo.com\/en\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/www.dynseo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/logo-dynseo-new.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.dynseo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/logo-dynseo-new.png","width":5073,"height":1397,"caption":"DYNSEO"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.dynseo.com\/en\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"}},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/www.dynseo.com\/en\/#\/schema\/person\/78ef63df2ee64e0989bc68f8401b38d6","name":"DYNSEO","url":"https:\/\/www.dynseo.com\/en\/author\/justine\/"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.dynseo.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/748398","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.dynseo.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.dynseo.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.dynseo.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.dynseo.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=748398"}],"version-history":[{"count":18,"href":"https:\/\/www.dynseo.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/748398\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":764917,"href":"https:\/\/www.dynseo.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/748398\/revisions\/764917"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.dynseo.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/100456"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.dynseo.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=748398"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.dynseo.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=748398"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.dynseo.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=748398"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}