{"id":726474,"date":"2026-06-26T20:02:14","date_gmt":"2026-06-26T18:02:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.dynseo.com\/dysorthographia-recurring-errors-assessment-strategies-2\/"},"modified":"2026-06-26T20:02:34","modified_gmt":"2026-06-26T18:02:34","slug":"dysorthografie-terugkerende-fouten-en-beoordelingsstrategien","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.dynseo.com\/nl\/dysorthografie-terugkerende-fouten-en-beoordelingsstrategien\/","title":{"rendered":"Dysorthografie: Terugkerende Fouten en Beoordelingsstrategie\u00ebn"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>title: Dysorthografie: Typische Terugkerende Fouten en Strategie\u00ebn voor Klassenbeoordeling<\/p>\n<p>description: Docentengids dysorthografie basisschool: soorten terugkerende fouten (fonetisch, lexicaal, grammaticaal), gedifferentieerde beoordelingsstrategie\u00ebn, identificatie, observatieroosters, diagnostische dictees, aanpassingen in correctie, compensatiestrategie\u00ebn.<\/p>\n<p>keywords: dysorthografie, spellingsfouten, terugkerend, beoordeling, basisschool, leraren, identificatie, dictees, fonetisch, lexicaal, grammaticaal, aanpassingen, correcties<\/p>\n<p>[\/META]<\/p>\n<p>dysorthografie, spellingsfouten, terugkerend, beoordeling, basisschool, leraren, dictees, fonetisch, lexicaal, grammaticaal, identificatie, aanpassingen, correcties, strategie\u00ebn<\/p>\n<p>[\/TAGS]<\/p>\n<p><em>Leestijd: 34 minuten<\/em><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.dynseo.com\/en\/courses\/identifying-and-supporting-dys-disorders-in-elementary-school\/\" target=\"_blank\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.dynseo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Troubles-dys-\u00e0-l\u00e9c\u2026-Anglais.jpg\" target=\"_blank\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.dynseo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Troubles-dys-\u00e0-l\u00e9c\u2026-Anglais.jpg\" alt=\"DYNSEO DYS Disorders Training\" style=\"max-width:100%;height:auto;\" \/><\/a><\/a><\/p>\n<p>&#8220;Emma maakt al 2 jaar dezelfde fouten, ondanks herhalingen&#8230;&#8221; &#8220;Lucas schrijft &#8216;hij goed naar school&#8217;, is dit normaal in de 2e klas?&#8221; &#8220;Hoe onderscheid ik dysorthografie van gebrek aan inspanning?&#8221; &#8220;Moet ik alles in het rood corrigeren?&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>Dysorthografie is niet alleen &#8220;slecht zijn in spelling&#8221;. Het is een specifieke, langdurige, ernstige stoornis die weerstand biedt aan gewoon leren. Bepaalde fouten zijn typisch, terugkerend en kenmerkend. Het identificeren ervan maakt stoornisherkenning, eerlijke beoordeling en aangepaste correcties mogelijk.<\/p>\n<p>Deze gids legt typische dysorthografiefouten uit, hoe deze te beoordelen en hoe te corrigeren zonder te ontmoedigen.<\/p>\n<p>&#8212;<\/p>\n<h2>Inhoudsopgave<\/h2>\n<p>1. <a href=\"#definition\" target=\"_blank\">Wat is dysorthografie?<\/a><\/p>\n<p>2. <a href=\"#types-erreurs\" target=\"_blank\">De 3 soorten terugkerende fouten<\/a><\/p>\n<p>3. <a href=\"#evaluation\" target=\"_blank\">Beoordelingsroosters per type<\/a><\/p>\n<p>4. <a href=\"#dictees\" target=\"_blank\">Diagnostische dictees<\/a><\/p>\n<p>5. <a href=\"#corrections\" target=\"_blank\">Aangepaste correcties<\/a><\/p>\n<p>6. <a href=\"#strategies\" target=\"_blank\">Compensatiestrategie\u00ebn<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&#8212;<\/p>\n<h2>Wat is dysorthografie? {#definition}<\/h2>\n<h3>Definitie<\/h3>\n<p><strong>Dysorthografie<\/strong>: Specifieke stoornis in spellingverwerving.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Kenmerken<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<p><strong>Massieve fouten<\/strong>: 20-50%+ woorden verkeerd gespeld (vs 5-10% gewone moeilijkheden).<\/p>\n<p><strong>Weerstand<\/strong>: Tegen leren (herhalingen, regels, dictees ineffectief).<\/p>\n<p><strong>Duur<\/strong>: Blijft jaren aanhouden (vs inhaalachterstand).<\/p>\n<p><strong>Specificiteit<\/strong>: Ingestorte spelling, andere gebieden behouden (lezen soms correct, normaal intellect).<\/p>\n<h3>Verband met dyslexie<\/h3>\n<p><strong>Frequente associatie<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<p><strong>75-90% dyslectici<\/strong>: Ook dysorthografisch.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Gemeenschappelijke oorsprong<\/strong>: Fonologie (bewustzijn van geluiden).<\/p>\n<p><strong>Maar verschil<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<p><strong>Dyslexie<\/strong>: Lezen + schrijven.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Dysorthografie<\/strong>: Hoofdzakelijk schrijven (lezen kan correct zijn).<\/p>\n<p><strong>Ge\u00efsoleerde dysorthografie<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<p><strong>10-25% gevallen<\/strong>: Zonder dyslexie (leest correct, schrijft catastrofaal).<\/p>\n<h3>Onderschied tussen dysorthografie en gewone moeilijkheden<\/h3>\n<p><strong>Gewone moeilijkheden<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<p><strong>Fouten<\/strong>: Verminderen met onderwijs, herhalingen, rijping.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Leren<\/strong>: Effectief (regels worden geleidelijk ge\u00efntegreerd).<\/p>\n<p><strong>Vooruitgang<\/strong>: Zichtbaar (opwaartse curve).<\/p>\n<p><strong>Dysorthografie<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<p><strong>Fouten<\/strong>: Massaal, aanhoudend, resistent.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Leren<\/strong>: Ineffectief (regels nooit geautomatiseerd).<\/p>\n<p><strong>Stagnatie<\/strong>: Of minimale vooruitgang (vlakke curve).<\/p>\n<p>&#8212;<\/p>\n<h2>De 3 soorten terugkerende fouten {#types-erreurs}<\/h2>\n<h3>1. Fonetische fouten<\/h3>\n<p><strong>Definitie<\/strong>: Verwarring, weglating, omkering van klanken.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Oorsprong<\/strong>: Defectieve fonologie (onderscheiden, klanksegmentatie).<\/p>\n<p><strong>Manifestaties<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<p><strong>Verwarringen van soortgelijke klanken<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<p><strong>Stemhebbend\/stemloos<\/strong>: &#8220;pool&#8221; \u2192 &#8220;bool&#8221; (p\/b), &#8220;vent&#8221; \u2192 &#8220;fent&#8221; (v\/f), &#8220;train&#8221; \u2192 &#8220;drain&#8221; (t\/d).<\/p>\n<p><strong>Nasalen<\/strong>: &#8220;bon&#8221; \u2192 &#8220;bom&#8221;, &#8220;champ&#8221; \u2192 &#8220;chan&#8221;.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Klinkers<\/strong>: &#8220;a\/e&#8221; (&#8220;met&#8221; \u2192 &#8220;wit&#8221;), &#8220;\u00e9\/\u00e8&#8221; (&#8220;school&#8221; \u2192 &#8220;scool&#8221;).<\/p>\n<p><strong>Weglatingen<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<p><strong>Letters<\/strong>: &#8220;tafel&#8221; \u2192 &#8220;tale&#8221;, &#8220;rugzak&#8221; \u2192 &#8220;bakpak&#8221;.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Lettergreep<\/strong>: &#8220;chocolade&#8221; \u2192 &#8220;cholate&#8221;, &#8220;computer&#8221; \u2192 &#8220;compter&#8221;.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Omkeringen<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<p><strong>Letters<\/strong>: &#8220;boom&#8221; \u2192 &#8220;tere&#8221;, &#8220;arm&#8221; \u2192 &#8220;amr&#8221;.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Syllabes<\/strong>: &#8220;dier&#8221; \u2192 &#8220;aminal&#8221;.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Vervangingen<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<p><strong>Soortgelijke klanken<\/strong>: &#8220;huis&#8221; \u2192 &#8220;hos&#8221;, &#8220;spelen&#8221; \u2192 &#8220;pley&#8221;.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Voorbeelden van studenten<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<p><strong>Leo (1e klas)<\/strong>: Schrijft &#8220;de bot salde op de se&#8221; (= &#8220;de boot zeilde op de zee&#8221;) &#8211; verwarringen v\/g, a\/ai, letter weglatingen.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Emma (2e klas)<\/strong>: Schrijft &#8220;hij had eated een domme&#8221; (= &#8220;hij had een appel gegeten&#8221;) &#8211; verwarringen \u00e9\/ai, b\/p, stille letters weglatingen.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Frequentie<\/strong>: 40-60% dysorthografiefouten.<\/p>\n<h3>2. Lexicale fouten<\/h3>\n<p><strong>Definitie<\/strong>: Spelling van onregelmatige woorden, stille letters.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Oorsprong<\/strong>: Defectief visueel orthografisch geheugen.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Manifestaties<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<p><strong>Fonetische spelling<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<p><strong>Frequent woorden<\/strong>: &#8220;met&#8221; \u2192 &#8220;wif&#8221;, &#8220;omdat&#8221; \u2192 &#8220;becuz&#8221;, &#8220;altijd&#8221; \u2192 &#8220;alwayz&#8221;.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Stille letters<\/strong>: &#8220;nacht&#8221; \u2192 &#8220;niet&#8221;, &#8220;kon&#8221; \u2192 &#8220;cood&#8221;, &#8220;tijd&#8221; \u2192 &#8220;tim&#8221;.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Verdubbelingen<\/strong>: &#8220;rennen&#8221; \u2192 &#8220;runing&#8221;, &#8220;appel&#8221; \u2192 &#8220;aple&#8221;.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Homofonen<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<p><strong>tot\/te&#8221; \u2192 &#8220;ik wil te gaan<\/strong>: &#8220;ik wil naar gaan&#8221;.<\/p>\n<p><strong>daar\/hun\/zij&#8217;s<\/strong>: &#8220;hun gaan&#8221; (= &#8220;zij gaan&#8221;).<\/p>\n<p><strong>uw\/je bent<\/strong>: &#8220;je bent laat&#8221; (= &#8220;je bent laat&#8221;).<\/p>\n<p><strong>Onregelmatige woorden<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<p><strong>Uitzonderingen<\/strong>: &#8220;zei&#8221; \u2192 &#8220;sed&#8221;, &#8220;vriend&#8221; \u2192 &#8220;frend&#8221;, &#8220;genoeg&#8221; \u2192 &#8220;enuff&#8221;.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Voorbeelden van studenten<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<p><strong>Tom (3e klas)<\/strong>: Schrijft &#8220;hij ging naar het bos met zijn hond&#8221; (= &#8220;hij ging naar het bos met zijn hond&#8221;) &#8211; allemaal fonetisch, geen enkel woord correct gespeld.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Chloe (4e klas)<\/strong>: Schrijft &#8220;de kat en de hond is in de tuin&#8221; (= &#8220;de kat en de hond zijn in de tuin&#8221;) &#8211; systematische homofonenverwarringen.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Frequentie<\/strong>: 30-40% dysorthografiefouten.<\/p>\n<h3>3. Grammaticale fouten<\/h3>\n<p><strong>Definitie<\/strong>: Overeenkomsten, vervoegingen, morfologie.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Oorsprong<\/strong>: Werkgeheugen, defectieve automatisering.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Manifestaties<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<p><strong>Onderwerp-werkwoord overeenkomst<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<p><strong>Meervoud<\/strong>: &#8220;de kinderen speelt&#8221; (= &#8220;de kinderen spelen&#8221;).<\/p>\n<p><strong>Persoon<\/strong>: &#8220;ik speelt&#8221; (= &#8220;ik speel&#8221;).<\/p>\n<p><strong>Zelfstandige naamwoord-bijvoeglijk naamwoord overeenkomst<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<p><strong>Geslacht<\/strong>: &#8220;een mooi kasteel&#8221; \u2192 correct in Nederlands (geen geslachtsconcordantie).<\/p>\n<p><strong>Aantal<\/strong>: &#8220;de zwarte katten&#8221; \u2192 &#8220;de zwarte kat&#8221; (ontbrekend meervoud).<\/p>\n<p><strong>Voltooid deelwoord overeenstemming<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<p><strong>Met hulpwerkwoord<\/strong>: &#8220;ze hebben ging&#8221; (= &#8220;ze zijn gegaan&#8221;).<\/p>\n<p><strong>Vervoegingen<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<p><strong>Uitgangen<\/strong>: &#8220;hij eet&#8221; \u2192 &#8220;hij eat&#8221;, &#8220;ze hebben gegeten&#8221; \u2192 &#8220;ze hebben ate&#8221;.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Tijden<\/strong>: Mengen (verleden\/heden\/toekomst).<\/p>\n<p><strong>Voorbeelden van studenten<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<p><strong>Lucas (2e klas)<\/strong>: Schrijft &#8220;de meisjes speelt in de tuin, ze is blij&#8221; &#8211; geen overeenstemming (meervoud, geslacht).<\/p>\n<p><strong>Sophie (3e klas)<\/strong>: Schrijft &#8220;gisteren, ik ga naar het park en ik heb speel&#8221; &#8211; gemengde tijden, verkeerde uitgangen.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Frequentie<\/strong>: 20-30% dysorthografiefouten.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.dynseo.com\/en\/brain-games-apps\/coco-educational-games\/\" target=\"_blank\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.dynseo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/COCO-THINKS-COCO-MOVES.png\" target=\"_blank\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.dynseo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/COCO-THINKS-COCO-MOVES.png\" alt=\"COCO THINKS and COCO MOVES Program\" style=\"max-width:100%;height:auto;\" \/><\/a><\/a><\/p>\n<p>&#8212;<\/p>\n<h2>Beoordelingsroosters per type {#evaluation}<\/h2>\n<h3>Fonetische foutenrooster<\/h3>\n<p><strong>Studentproductie<\/strong>: Dictee, vrij schrijven.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Analyseren<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>[ ] Verwisselingen stemhebbend\/stemloos (b\/p, d\/t, g\/k, v\/f, z\/s)<\/li>\n<li>[ ] Nasale verwisselingen (an\/on, in\/un)<\/li>\n<li>[ ] Klinkerverwisselingen (a\/e, \u00e9\/\u00e8\/\u00ea, i\/u\/ou)<\/li>\n<li>[ ] Weglating van letters (begin, midden, einde van woorden)<\/li>\n<li>[ ] Weglating van lettergrepen (lange woorden)<\/li>\n<li>[ ] Letteromkeringen (boom \u2192 tere)<\/li>\n<li>[ ] Syllabe omkeringen (dier \u2192 aminal)<\/li>\n<li>[ ] Vergelijkbare klankvervangingen<\/li>\n<p><strong>Score<\/strong>: Aantal fonetische fouten \/ totaal aantal woorden.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Interpretatie<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<p><strong><5%<\/strong>: Normaal.<\/p>\n<p><strong>5-15%<\/strong>: Fonologische moeilijkheden (versterk fonologisch bewustzijn).<\/p>\n<p><strong>>15%<\/strong>: Waarschijnlijke fonetische dysorthografie (logopedisch onderzoek).<\/p>\n<h3>Lexicale foutenrooster<\/h3>\n<p><strong>Studentproductie<\/strong>: Dictee van onregelmatige, frequente woorden.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Analyseren<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<li>[ ] Fonetisch gespelde frequente woorden (&#8220;met&#8221; \u2192 &#8220;wif&#8221;)<\/li>\n<li>[ ] Vergeten stille letters (&#8220;nacht&#8221; \u2192 &#8220;niet&#8221;)<\/li>\n<li>[ ] Vergeten verdubbelingen (&#8220;rennen&#8221; \u2192 &#8220;runing&#8221;)<\/li>\n<li>[ ] Verwarde homofonen (tot\/te, daar\/hun, uw\/je bent)<\/li>\n<li>[ ] Uitzonderingen fonetisch gespeld (&#8220;zei&#8221; \u2192 &#8220;sed&#8221;)<\/li>\n<p><strong>Score<\/strong>: Aantal lexicale fouten \/ onregelmatige woorden gedicteerd.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Interpretatie<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<p><strong><10%<\/strong>: Normaal.<\/p>\n<p><strong>10-30%<\/strong>: Moeilijkheden met visuele memorisatie (versterken).<\/p>\n<p><strong>>30%<\/strong>: Waarschijnlijke lexicale dysorthografie (onderzoek).<\/p>\n<h3>Grammaticale foutenrooster<\/h3>\n<p><strong>Studentproductie<\/strong>: Korte teksten.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Analyseren<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<li>[ ] Onderwerp-werkwoord overeenkomsten (aantal, persoon)<\/li>\n<li>[ ] Zelfstandige naamwoord-bijvoeglijk naamwoord overeenkomsten (geslacht, aantal)<\/li>\n<li>[ ] Voltooid deelwoord overeenkomsten<\/li>\n<li>[ ] Werkwoorduitgangen (ed\/ing\/s)<\/li>\n<li>[ ] Vervoegingen (tijden, concordantie)<\/li>\n<li>[ ] Grammaticale homofonen (tot\/te, daar\/hun, uw\/je bent)<\/li>\n<p><strong>Score<\/strong>: Aantal grammaticale fouten \/ verwachte overeenkomsten.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Interpretatie<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<p><strong><15%<\/strong>: Normaal (progressief leren).<\/p>\n<p><strong>15-40%<\/strong>: Grammaticale moeilijkheden (herbekijk regels, oefeningen).<\/p>\n<p><strong>>40%<\/strong>: Waarschijnlijke grammaticale dysorthografie (onderzoek).<\/p>\n<h3>Algemeen dysorthografie rooster<\/h3>\n<p><strong>Cumulatief<\/strong>: 3 type fouten.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Indien<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<p><strong>2+ types<\/strong>: >drempel = Waarschijnlijke dysorthografie.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1 type<\/strong>: >hogere drempel (bijv.: 30% fonetische fouten) = Specifieke dysorthografie.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Weerstand<\/strong>: Fouten blijven bestaan na intensief onderwijs (8-12 weken) = Bevestigt dysorthografie.<\/p>\n<p>&#8212;<\/p>\n<h2>Diagnostische dictees {#dictees}<\/h2>\n<h3>Principe<\/h3>\n<p><strong>Dictee<\/strong>: Geen beoordeelde beoordeling, maar diagnostisch hulpmiddel.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Doelstelling<\/strong>: Identificeer fouttypes, dysorthografieprofiel.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Frequentie<\/strong>: 2-3x\/jaar (begin, midden, einde van jaar).<\/p>\n<p><strong>Geen cijfer<\/strong>: Kwalitatieve analyse (vs straf).<\/p>\n<h3>Fonetisch dictee (K-1e klas)<\/h3>\n<p><strong>Inhoud<\/strong>: Eenvoudige, regelmatige woorden (directe grafeem-foneem overeenkomst).<\/p>\n<p><strong>Voorbeeld<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<p><em>&#8220;Papa heeft een fiets. Lola leest. De kat vliegt. Hij dronk melk.&#8221;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>Doel<\/strong>: Fonetische fouten (verwarringen, weglatingen, omkeringen).<\/p>\n<p><strong>Analyse<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<p><strong>&#8220;papa&#8221; \u2192 &#8220;bapa&#8221;<\/strong>: Verwarring d\/b.<\/p>\n<p><strong>&#8220;fiets&#8221; \u2192 &#8220;fke&#8221;<\/strong>: Weglating &#8220;i&#8221;.<\/p>\n<p><strong>&#8220;vliegt&#8221; \u2192 &#8220;flys&#8221;<\/strong>: Verwarring ie\/y.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Interpretatie<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<p><strong>Massieve fouten<\/strong>: Waarschijnlijke fonetische dysorthografie.<\/p>\n<h3>Lexicaal dictee (2e-4e klas)<\/h3>\n<p><strong>Inhoud<\/strong>: Frequent onregelmatige woorden, stille letters, homofonen.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Voorbeeld<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<p><em>&#8220;Hij is met zijn vriend. Ze zijn in de tuin. Het weer is mooi. Zij heeft veel bloemen.&#8221;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>Doel<\/strong>: Lexicale fouten (onregelmatige woorden, homofonen).<\/p>\n<p><strong>Analyse<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<p><strong>&#8220;is&#8221; \u2192 &#8220;iz&#8221;<\/strong>: Fonetisch (vs lexicale spelling).<\/p>\n<p><strong>&#8220;met&#8221; \u2192 &#8220;wif&#8221;<\/strong>: Fonetisch.<\/p>\n<p><strong>&#8220;weer&#8221; \u2192 &#8220;wther&#8221;<\/strong>: Vergeten stille letters.<\/p>\n<p><strong>&#8220;veel&#8221; \u2192 &#8220;veel&#8221;<\/strong>: Fonetisch.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Interpretatie<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<p><strong>Massieve fouten in frequente woorden<\/strong>: Lexicale dysorthografie.<\/p>\n<h3>Grammaticaal dictee (3e-4e klas)<\/h3>\n<p><strong>Inhoud<\/strong>: Zinnen die overeenkomsten vereisen.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Voorbeeld<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<p><em>&#8220;De meisjes gingen naar het park. Ze aten rode appels. De jongens spelen in de tuin.&#8221;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>Doel<\/strong>: Grammaticale fouten (overeenkomsten).<\/p>\n<p><strong>Analyse<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<p><strong>&#8220;gingen&#8221; \u2192 &#8220;gaan&#8221;<\/strong>: Geen verleden tijd overeenstemming.<\/p>\n<p><strong>&#8220;rode appels&#8221; \u2192 &#8220;rode appel&#8221;<\/strong>: Geen zelfstandige naamwoord-bijvoeglijk naamwoord overeenkomsten.<\/p>\n<p><strong>&#8220;zijn spelen&#8221; \u2192 &#8220;is speel&#8221;<\/strong>: Geen onderwerp-werkwoord overeenstemming.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Interpretatie<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<p><strong>Geen overeenkomsten<\/strong>: Grammaticale dysorthografie.<\/p>\n<h3>Gemengd dictee (2e-4e klas)<\/h3>\n<p><strong>Inhoud<\/strong>: Mix van 3 types (complete profielbeoordeling).<\/p>\n<p><strong>Voorbeeld<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<p><em>&#8220;Gisteren gingen de kinderen naar het bos met hun ouders. Ze zagen veel dieren. Het was een mooie dag.&#8221;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>Analyse<\/strong>: Tel fouten per type.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Profiel<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<p><strong>Emma<\/strong>: 15 fonetische fouten, 8 lexicale, 3 grammaticale \u2192 Dominante fonetische dysorthografie.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Tom<\/strong>: 3 fonetische, 18 lexicale, 2 grammaticale \u2192 Dominante lexicale dysorthografie.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Lucas<\/strong>: 5 fonetische, 7 lexicale, 20 grammaticale \u2192 Dominante grammaticale dysorthografie.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Aanpassing<\/strong>: Doelgerichte remedi\u00ebring voor dominant type.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.dynseo.com\/en\/courses\/identifying-and-supporting-dys-disorders-in-elementary-school\/\" target=\"_blank\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.dynseo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Troubles-dys-\u00e0-l\u00e9c\u2026-Anglais.jpg\" target=\"_blank\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.dynseo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Troubles-dys-\u00e0-l\u00e9c\u2026-Anglais.jpg\" alt=\"DYNSEO Training\" style=\"max-width:100%;height:auto;\" \/><\/a><\/a><\/p>\n<p>&#8212;<\/p>\n<h2>Aangepaste correcties {#corrections}<\/h2>\n<h3>Principe van ondersteunende correctie<\/h3>\n<p><strong>Niet alles in rood<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<p><strong>Ontmoediging<\/strong>: Massief rood papier = verlating (&#8220;Ik zal nooit slagen&#8221;).<\/p>\n<p><strong>Ineffectief<\/strong>: Dysorthografische student ziet fouten, begrijpt niet waarom (neurologische stoornis, geen onwetendheid).<\/p>\n<p><strong>Kies fouten<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<p><strong>Doelen<\/strong>: Maximaal 3-5 woorden per productie (vs 50 onderstreepte fouten).<\/p>\n<p><strong>Voortgang<\/strong>: Begin met fonetische fouten (fundamenteel), dan lexicaal, uiteindelijk grammaticaal.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Waardeer successen<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<p><strong>Correcte woorden<\/strong>: Onderstrepen in groen (vs alleen rode fouten).<\/p>\n<p><strong>Voortgang<\/strong>: Vergelijk met eerdere productie (vs klasnorm).<\/p>\n<p><strong>Inhoud<\/strong>: Beoordeel idee\u00ebn, structuur, creativiteit (vs spelling).<\/p>\n<h3>Correctie per fouttype<\/h3>\n<p><strong>Fonetische fouten<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<p><strong>Onderstrepen<\/strong>: Hele woord.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Hulp<\/strong>: Word langzaam uitgesproken, segmenteert klanken.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Herschrijven<\/strong>: Samen mondeling, dan student schrijft.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Voorbeeld<\/strong>: &#8220;bot&#8221; \u2192 Leerkracht zegt &#8220;bo-at&#8221;, student herhaalt, schrijft &#8220;boot&#8221;.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Lexicale fouten<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<p><strong>Verstrekken<\/strong>: Correcte spelling (visueel geheugen, niet deduceren).<\/p>\n<p><strong>Overschrijven<\/strong>: 3-5x (veranker visueel geheugen).<\/p>\n<p><strong>Weergeven<\/strong>: Frekwente woorden in klas (permanente referentie).<\/p>\n<p><strong>Voorbeeld<\/strong>: &#8220;wif&#8221; \u2192 Toon &#8220;met&#8221;, student schrijft 5x over, voegt toe aan persoonlijke frekwente woordenlijst.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Grammaticale fouten<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<p><strong>Uitleggen<\/strong>: Regel kort.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Omcirkelen<\/strong>: Betreffende woorden (onderwerp + werkwoord, zelfstandig naamwoord + bijvoeglijk naamwoord).<\/p>\n<p><strong>Herschrijven<\/strong>: Overeenkomst.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Voorbeeld<\/strong>: &#8220;de meisjes speelt&#8221; \u2192 Omcirkelen &#8220;meisjes&#8221; + &#8220;speelt&#8221;, zeg &#8220;meervoud, daarom &#8216;spelen'&#8221;, student corrigeert.<\/p>\n<h3>Aangepaste beoordelingsschalen<\/h3>\n<p><strong>Scheiden<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<p><strong>Inhoud<\/strong>: 70-80% beoordeling (idee\u00ebn, structuur, rijkdom).<\/p>\n<p><strong>Spelling<\/strong>: 20-30% beoordeling (vs 50% klassiek).<\/p>\n<p><strong>Of gescheiden cijfers<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<p><strong>Inhoud<\/strong>: Cijfer A.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Spelling<\/strong>: Cijfer B (informatief, niet bestraffend gemiddeld).<\/p>\n<p><strong>Voortgangsbonus<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<p><strong>Vergelijking<\/strong>: Eerdere productie.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Waarde<\/strong>: Foutenreductie (vs absoluut aantal).<\/p>\n<p><strong>Voorbeeld<\/strong>: Emma 50 fouten productie 1 \u2192 35 productie 2 = Enorme vooruitgang (bonuspunten).<\/p>\n<h3>Aangepaste dictees<\/h3>\n<p><strong>Niet klassieke dictees<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<p><strong>Ineffectief<\/strong>: Dysorthografische student faalt altijd (demotivatie).<\/p>\n<p><strong>Alternatieven<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<p><strong>Voorbereid dictee<\/strong>: Woorden gegeven dag ervoor, herzien, dicteren volgende dag.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Keuzedictee<\/strong>: Leerling kiest 10 woorden uit lijst van 20 (gegarandeerd succes).<\/p>\n<p><strong>Onderhandeld dictee<\/strong>: Paren, discussi\u00ebren spelling, gezamenlijk schrijven.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Cloze dictee<\/strong>: Vooraf geschreven tekst, weinig woorden om in te vullen.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Zero dictee<\/strong>: Indien ernstige dysorthografie (anders beoordelen).<\/p>\n<p>&#8212;<\/p>\n<h2>Compensatiestrategie\u00ebn {#strategies}<\/h2>\n<h3>Technologische hulpmiddelen<\/h3>\n<p><strong>Spellingscontrole<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<p><strong>Systematisch<\/strong>: Computer, tablet.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Leren<\/strong>: Gebruik (niet alles automatisch &#8211; keuze van correcties).<\/p>\n<p><strong>Geen valsspelen<\/strong>: Compensatorisch hulpmiddel (zoals bril).<\/p>\n<p><strong>Stem dicteren<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<p><strong>Software<\/strong>: Dragon, ingebouwde functies (telefoon, computer).<\/p>\n<p><strong>Bevrijdt<\/strong>: Van schrijfbeperking (idee\u00ebn verwoord, getranscribeerd).<\/p>\n<p><strong>Beperkingen<\/strong>: Interpunctie, homofonen (toezicht nodig).<\/p>\n<p><strong>Woordvoorspeller<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<p><strong>Suggesties<\/strong>: Woorden tijdens schrijven (vermindert fouten).<\/p>\n<p><strong>Memorisatie<\/strong>: Correcte spellingen visueel gememoriseerd.<\/p>\n<h3>Geheugensteuntjes<\/h3>\n<p><strong>Referentiemateriaal<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<p><strong>Frekwente woorden<\/strong>: Geplaatst in klaslokaal, persoonlijke lijst van leerling.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Homofonen<\/strong>: Tabellen (tot\/te, daar\/hun, jouw\/je + differentiatie tips).<\/p>\n<p><strong>Regels<\/strong>: Vereenvoudigd, visueel (posters, bureaumatten).<\/p>\n<p><strong>Kleurcodes<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<p><strong>Overeenkomsten<\/strong>: Markeer (onderwerp blauw, werkwoord rood, gelinkte pijlen).<\/p>\n<p><strong>Natuur<\/strong>: Zelfstandige naamwoorden groen, werkwoorden rood, bijvoeglijke naamwoorden geel (visuele identificatie).<\/p>\n<p><strong>Mnemonieken<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<p><strong>Maken<\/strong>: Met student (gepersonaliseerd = memorabel).<\/p>\n<p><strong>Voorbeelden<\/strong>: &#8220;to&#8221; werkwoord \u2192 vervang &#8220;going to&#8221; (&#8220;ik wil to gaan&#8221; \u2192 &#8220;ik wil going to gaan&#8221; = correct).<\/p>\n<h3>Naleesstrategie\u00ebn<\/h3>\n<p><strong>Gerichte nalezing<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<p><strong>Niet alles<\/strong>: Focus op 1 fouttype.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Voorbeeld<\/strong>: 1e nalezing = alleen onderwerp-werkwoord overeenkomsten. 2e = homofonen. Etc.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Hulpmiddelen<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<p><strong>Raster<\/strong>: Verificatie (checklist van fouttypes).<\/p>\n<p><strong>Medeleerlingen<\/strong>: Kruisnalezingen (ander leerling, ondersteunend).<\/p>\n<p><strong>Tijd<\/strong>: Extra (dysorthografische nalezing duurt 2-3x langer).<\/p>\n<h3>Verminderen van eisen<\/h3>\n<p><strong>Hoeveelheid<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<p><strong>Minder schrijven<\/strong>: 5 rijke zinnen (vs 20 gehaaste).<\/p>\n<p><strong>Kwaliteit<\/strong>: Inhoud (vs hoeveelheid).<\/p>\n<p><strong>Formaten<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<p><strong>Oral<\/strong>: Voorrang (presentaties, audioproducties).<\/p>\n<p><strong>Diagrammen<\/strong>: Mindmaps, geannoteerde tekeningen (vs lange composities).<\/p>\n<p><strong>Beoordelingen<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<p><strong>Meerkeuze<\/strong>: Vs open vragen (vermindert schrijven).<\/p>\n<p><strong>Oral<\/strong>: Vs schriftelijk (kennis beoordelen, niet spelling).<\/p>\n<h3>Aangepaste training<\/h3>\n<p><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.dynseo.com\/en\/brain-games-apps\/coco-educational-games\/\" target=\"_blank\">COCO THINKS en COCO MOVES<\/a><\/strong>:<\/p>\n<p><strong>Spelling spellen<\/strong>: Leuk, progressief, zonder druk.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Fonologie<\/strong>: Geluidswaarneming (fundament).<\/p>\n<p><strong>Visueel geheugen<\/strong>: Frekwente woorden (spellen).<\/p>\n<p><strong>Logopedie<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<p><strong>Remedi\u00ebring<\/strong>: Gespecialiseerd (fonologie, orthografisch geheugen, strategie\u00ebn).<\/p>\n<p><strong>Regelmatig<\/strong>: Minstens 1-2x\/week.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Geduld<\/strong>: Langzame vooruitgang, maar mogelijk.<\/p>\n<p>&#8212;<\/p>\n<h2>Getuigenissen van leraren<\/h2>\n<h3>Claire, 2e klas leerkracht<\/h3>\n<p><em>&#8220;Emma had 40 fouten in dictees van 20 woorden. Alles in rood = tranen. DYNSEO training: geleerd aangepaste correctie. Nu: max 5 woorden gecorrigeerd (doelstellingen), correcte woorden onderstreept in groen, inhoudcijfer gescheiden van spelling. Emma opnieuw gemotiveerd (ziet vooruitgang), langere producties (durft te schrijven). Dysorthografie blijft, maar beheerd, geaccepteerd.&#8221;<\/em><\/p>\n<h3>Marc, 3e klas leerkracht<\/h3>\n<p><em>&#8220;Tom alles fonetisch (&#8216;hij goed naar school&#8217;). Catastrofale dictees (0\/20 systematisch). DYNSEO roosters gebruikt: fonetische + lexicale dysorthografie ge\u00efdentificeerd. Aanpassingen (voorbereide dictees, computer + spellingscontrole, prioriteitsinhoud evaluatie). Logopedie gestart. Tom maakt langzame vooruitgang, maar schrijft nu (vs vermijdde). Eerlijke beoordeling = sleutel.&#8221;<\/em><\/p>\n<h3>Sophie, 4e klas leerkracht<\/h3>\n<p><em>&#8220;Lucas geen overeenkomsten (meervoud, geslacht, vervoeging). Dacht &#8216;kent regels niet&#8217;. Training: geleerd grammaticale dysorthografie (automatisering onmogelijk, werkgeheugen). Strategie\u00ebn geleerd (kleurcodes, gerichte nalezing, verificatieroosters). Lucas past toe (moeizaam), fouten verminderen (50% vs 90%). Begrip van mechanisme = effectief aanpassen.&#8221;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>&#8212;<\/p>\n<h2>Conclusie: Identificeer en pas eerlijk aan<\/h2>\n<p>Dysorthografie is geen gebrek aan inzet, concentratie of intelligentie. Het is een neurologische stoornis die normale spellingverwerving verhindert ondanks intense inspanningen. Het identificeren van soorten terugkerende fouten maakt eerlijke beoordeling, effectieve correctie en compenserende aanpassingen mogelijk. Omdat perfecte spelling geen realistisch doel is voor dysorthografische individuen. Maar foutvermindering, compensatiestrategie\u00ebn en acceptatie van verschil zijn mogelijk. En maken schrijven, communiceren en slagen mogelijk.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Sleutels voor het ondersteunen van dysorthografie:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>1. &#x2705; Identificeer fouttypes (fonetisch, lexicaal, grammaticaal)<\/p>\n<p>2. &#x2705; Beoordeel profiel (diagnostische dictees, roosters)<\/p>\n<p>3. &#x2705; Corrigeer selectief (max 3-5 fouten, niet alles in rood)<\/p>\n<p>4. &#x2705; Waardeer inhoud (idee\u00ebn, structuur vs spelling)<\/p>\n<p>5. &#x2705; Pas beoordelingsschalen aan (gescheiden inhoud\/spelling)<\/p>\n<p>6. &#x2705; Compenseer (digitale hulpmiddelen, geheugensteuntjes)<\/p>\n<p>7. &#x2705; Verminder eisen (hoeveelheid, formaten)<\/p>\n<p>8. &#x2705; Train (begrijp stoornis, beheers gedifferentieerde beoordeling)<\/p>\n<p><strong>Dysorthografie kan gecompenseerd, omzeild worden. Onze <a href=\"https:\/\/www.dynseo.com\/en\/courses\/identifying-and-supporting-dys-disorders-in-elementary-school\/\" target=\"_blank\">DYNSEO training<\/a> leert aangepaste beoordeling + correctie. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.dynseo.com\/en\/brain-games-apps\/coco-educational-games\/\" target=\"_blank\">COCO THINKS en COCO MOVES<\/a> traint spelling op speelse wijze. U kunt de relatie van de dysorthografische student met schrijven transformeren.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&#8212;<\/p>\n<p><strong>DYNSEO bronnen voor het ondersteunen van dysorthografie:<\/strong><\/p>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.dynseo.com\/en\/courses\/identifying-and-supporting-dys-disorders-in-elementary-school\/\" target=\"_blank\">DYS-stoornissen training: identificeer dysorthografie en pas beoordelingen aan<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.dynseo.com\/en\/courses\/supporting-students-with-learning-disabilities-strategies-and-tools-for-the-classroom\/\" target=\"_blank\">Training: Ondersteuning van studenten met leerstoornissen<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.dynseo.com\/en\/brain-games-apps\/coco-educational-games\/\" target=\"_blank\">COCO THINKS en COCO MOVES Programma: aangepaste spellingspellen<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.dynseo.com\/en\/courses\/identifying-and-supporting-dys-disorders-in-elementary-school\/\" target=\"_blank\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.dynseo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Troubles-dys-\u00e0-l\u00e9c\u2026-Anglais.jpg\" target=\"_blank\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.dynseo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Troubles-dys-\u00e0-l\u00e9c\u2026-Anglais.jpg\" alt=\"DYNSEO DYS Training\" style=\"max-width:100%;height:auto;\" \/><\/a><\/a><\/p>\n<p>&#8212;<\/p>\n<p><em>Achter elk rood papier zit een kind dat probeerde. Die dacht, zocht, corrigeerde, kopieerde. Die dacht dat &#8216;met&#8217; als &#8216;wif&#8217; werd gespeld omdat dat logisch is. Die het meervoud &#8216;s&#8217; vergeet omdat hun brein het vergeet. Niet omdat ze het niet kan schelen. Niet omdat ze niet werken. Gewoon vanwege dysorthografie. En als u typische fouten identificeert, redelijk beoordeelt, met vriendelijkheid corrigeert, kan dit kind blijven schrijven. Ondanks fouten. Ondanks alles. Omdat schrijven communiceren is. En dat kunnen ze doen.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>[et_pb_code]<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"FAQPage\",\"mainEntity\":[{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Qu'est-ce qui diff\u00e9rencie la dysorthographie d'un simple \"mauvais niveau\" en orthographe ?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"La dysorthographie est un trouble sp\u00e9cifique qui se caract\u00e9rise par des erreurs massives (20-50% des mots faut\u00e9s contre 5-10% pour les difficult\u00e9s ordinaires), une r\u00e9sistance aux apprentissages classiques (r\u00e9p\u00e9titions, r\u00e8gles, dict\u00e9es inefficaces), et une durabilit\u00e9 qui persiste sur plusieurs ann\u00e9es, contrairement \u00e0 un retard qui peut \u00eatre rattrap\u00e9.\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Quels sont les 3 types d'erreurs r\u00e9currentes en dysorthographie ?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Les 3 types d'erreurs r\u00e9currentes sont : les erreurs phon\u00e9tiques (probl\u00e8mes de correspondance son-lettre), les erreurs lexicales (difficult\u00e9s avec l'orthographe d'usage des mots), et les erreurs grammaticales (probl\u00e8mes d'accord et de conjugaison).\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Comment rep\u00e9rer la dysorthographie chez un \u00e9l\u00e8ve de primaire ?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Le rep\u00e9rage se fait gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 l'observation d'erreurs massives et persistantes malgr\u00e9 les apprentissages, l'utilisation de grilles d'observation par type d'erreur, et la mise en place de dict\u00e9es diagnostiques pour \u00e9valuer les diff\u00e9rents aspects de l'orthographe.\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Faut-il corriger toutes les erreurs en rouge pour un \u00e9l\u00e8ve dysorthographique ?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Non, il est recommand\u00e9 d'adapter les corrections pour ne pas d\u00e9courager l'\u00e9l\u00e8ve. Il faut privil\u00e9gier des corrections cibl\u00e9es sur certains types d'erreurs, utiliser des codes couleur diff\u00e9renci\u00e9s, et mettre l'accent sur les progr\u00e8s plut\u00f4t que sur l'exhaustivit\u00e9 des corrections.\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Un \u00e9l\u00e8ve qui \u00e9crit 'il av\u00e9 al\u00e9' en CE2, est-ce normal ?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Ces erreurs phon\u00e9tiques massives en CE2 peuvent \u00eatre un signe de dysorthographie si elles persistent malgr\u00e9 les apprentissages. Il s'agit d'erreurs de correspondance grapho-phonologique qui n\u00e9cessitent une \u00e9valuation plus approfondie et des adaptations p\u00e9dagogiques sp\u00e9cifiques.\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Quelles strat\u00e9gies de compensation peut-on mettre en place pour un \u00e9l\u00e8ve dysorthographique ?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Les strat\u00e9gies incluent l'utilisation d'outils num\u00e9riques (correcteurs, pr\u00e9dicteurs de mots), la r\u00e9duction du volume d'\u00e9criture, l'\u00e9valuation orale quand possible, l'utilisation de r\u00e9f\u00e9rentiels visuels, et la mise en place de bar\u00e8mes de notation adapt\u00e9s qui valorisent le contenu plut\u00f4t que la forme.\"}}]}<\/script>[\/et_pb_code]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>title: Dysorthografie: Typische Terugkerende Fouten en Strategie\u00ebn voor Klassenbeoordeling description: Docentengids dysorthografie basisschool: soorten terugkerende fouten (fonetisch, lexicaal, grammaticaal), gedifferentieerde beoordelingsstrategie\u00ebn, identificatie, observatieroosters, diagnostische dictees, aanpassingen in correctie, compensatiestrategie\u00ebn. keywords: dysorthografie, spellingsfouten, terugkerend, beoordeling, basisschool, leraren, identificatie, dictees, fonetisch, lexicaal, grammaticaal, aanpassingen, correcties [\/META] dysorthografie, spellingsfouten, terugkerend, beoordeling, basisschool, leraren, dictees, fonetisch, lexicaal, grammaticaal, identificatie, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":348895,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"on","_et_pb_old_content":"<p>title: Dysorthographia: Typical Recurring Errors and Classroom Assessment Strategies<\/p>\n<p>description: Teacher guide dysorthographia elementary school: types recurring errors (phonetic, lexical, grammatical), differentiated assessment strategies, identification, observation grids, diagnostic dictations, correction adaptations, compensation strategies.<\/p>\n<p>keywords: dysorthographia, spelling errors, recurring, assessment, elementary school, teachers, identification, dictations, phonetic, lexical, grammatical, adaptations, corrections<\/p>\n<p>[\/META]<\/p>\n<p>dysorthographia, spelling errors, recurring, assessment, elementary school, teachers, dictations, phonetic, lexical, grammatical, identification, adaptations, corrections, strategies<\/p>\n<p>[\/TAGS]<\/p>\n<p><em>Reading time: 34 minutes<\/em><\/p>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.dynseo.com\/en\/courses\/identifying-and-supporting-dys-disorders-in-elementary-school\/\" target=\"_blank\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.dynseo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Troubles-dys-\u00e0-l\u00e9c\u2026-Anglais.jpg\" target=\"_blank\"><img src=\"https:\/\/www.dynseo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Troubles-dys-\u00e0-l\u00e9c\u2026-Anglais.jpg\" alt=\"DYNSEO DYS Disorders Training\" style=\"max-width:100%;height:auto;\" \/><\/a><\/a>\n<p>\"Emma makes the same mistakes for 2 years, despite repetitions...\" \"Lucas writes 'he goed to school', is this normal in 2nd grade?\" \"How to differentiate dysorthographia from lack of work?\" \"Should I correct everything in red?\"<\/p>\n<p>Dysorthographia is not just being \"bad at spelling\". It's a specific, lasting, massive disorder that resists ordinary learning. Certain errors are typical, recurring, characteristic. Identifying them allows for disorder recognition, fair assessment, and adapted corrections.<\/p>\n<p>This guide explains typical dysorthographia errors, how to assess them, and how to correct without discouraging.<\/p>\n<p>---<\/p>\n<h2>Table of Contents<\/h2>\n<p>1. <a href=\"#definition\" target=\"_blank\">What is dysorthographia?<\/a><\/p>\n<p>2. <a href=\"#types-erreurs\" target=\"_blank\">The 3 types of recurring errors<\/a><\/p>\n<p>3. <a href=\"#evaluation\" target=\"_blank\">Assessment grids by type<\/a><\/p>\n<p>4. <a href=\"#dictees\" target=\"_blank\">Diagnostic dictations<\/a><\/p>\n<p>5. <a href=\"#corrections\" target=\"_blank\">Adapted corrections<\/a><\/p>\n<p>6. <a href=\"#strategies\" target=\"_blank\">Compensation strategies<\/a><\/p>\n<p>---<\/p>\n<h2>What is dysorthographia? {#definition}<\/h2>\n<h3>Definition<\/h3>\n<p><strong>Dysorthographia<\/strong>: Specific spelling acquisition disorder.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Characteristics<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<p><strong>Massive errors<\/strong>: 20-50%+ words misspelled (vs 5-10% ordinary difficulties).<\/p>\n<p><strong>Resistance<\/strong>: To learning (repetitions, rules, dictations ineffective).<\/p>\n<p><strong>Duration<\/strong>: Persists for years (vs catch-up delay).<\/p>\n<p><strong>Specificity<\/strong>: Collapsed spelling, other areas preserved (reading sometimes correct, normal intelligence).<\/p>\n<h3>Link to dyslexia<\/h3>\n<p><strong>Frequent association<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<p><strong>75-90% dyslexics<\/strong>: Also dysorthographic.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Common origin<\/strong>: Phonology (sound awareness).<\/p>\n<p><strong>But difference<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<p><strong>Dyslexia<\/strong>: Reading + writing.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Dysorthographia<\/strong>: Mainly writing (reading may be correct).<\/p>\n<p><strong>Isolated dysorthographia<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<p><strong>10-25% cases<\/strong>: Without dyslexia (reads correctly, writes catastrophically).<\/p>\n<h3>Distinguishing dysorthographia vs ordinary difficulties<\/h3>\n<p><strong>Ordinary difficulties<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<p><strong>Errors<\/strong>: Decrease with teaching, repetitions, maturation.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Learning<\/strong>: Effective (rules progressively integrated).<\/p>\n<p><strong>Progress<\/strong>: Visible (upward curve).<\/p>\n<p><strong>Dysorthographia<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<p><strong>Errors<\/strong>: Massive, persistent, resistant.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Learning<\/strong>: Ineffective (rules never automated).<\/p>\n<p><strong>Stagnation<\/strong>: Or minimal progress (flat curve).<\/p>\n<p>---<\/p>\n<h2>The 3 types of recurring errors {#types-erreurs}<\/h2>\n<h3>1. Phonetic errors<\/h3>\n<p><strong>Definition<\/strong>: Confusion, omission, inversion of sounds.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Origin<\/strong>: Defective phonology (discrimination, sound segmentation).<\/p>\n<p><strong>Manifestations<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<p><strong>Confusions of similar sounds<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<p><strong>Voiced\/voiceless<\/strong>: \"pool\" \u2192 \"bool\" (p\/b), \"vent\" \u2192 \"fent\" (v\/f), \"train\" \u2192 \"drain\" (t\/d).<\/p>\n<p><strong>Nasals<\/strong>: \"bon\" \u2192 \"bom\", \"champ\" \u2192 \"chan\".<\/p>\n<p><strong>Vowels<\/strong>: \"a\/e\" (\"with\" \u2192 \"wath\"), \"\u00e9\/\u00e8\" (\"school\" \u2192 \"scool\").<\/p>\n<p><strong>Omissions<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<p><strong>Letters<\/strong>: \"table\" \u2192 \"tale\", \"backpack\" \u2192 \"bakpack\".<\/p>\n<p><strong>Syllables<\/strong>: \"chocolate\" \u2192 \"cholate\", \"computer\" \u2192 \"compter\".<\/p>\n<p><strong>Inversions<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<p><strong>Letters<\/strong>: \"tree\" \u2192 \"tere\", \"arm\" \u2192 \"amr\".<\/p>\n<p><strong>Syllables<\/strong>: \"animal\" \u2192 \"aminal\".<\/p>\n<p><strong>Substitutions<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<p><strong>Similar sounds<\/strong>: \"house\" \u2192 \"hose\", \"play\" \u2192 \"pley\".<\/p>\n<p><strong>Student examples<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<p><strong>Leo (1st grade)<\/strong>: Writes \"the bot saild on the se\" (= \"the boat sailed on the sea\") - confusions v\/g, a\/ai, letter omissions.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Emma (2nd grade)<\/strong>: Writes \"he had eated a domme\" (= \"he had eaten an apple\") - confusions \u00e9\/ai, b\/p, silent letter omissions.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Frequency<\/strong>: 40-60% dysorthographia errors.<\/p>\n<h3>2. Lexical errors<\/h3>\n<p><strong>Definition<\/strong>: Spelling of irregular words, silent letters.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Origin<\/strong>: Defective visual orthographic memory.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Manifestations<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<p><strong>Phonetic spelling<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<p><strong>Frequent words<\/strong>: \"with\" \u2192 \"wif\", \"because\" \u2192 \"becuz\", \"always\" \u2192 \"alwayz\".<\/p>\n<p><strong>Silent letters<\/strong>: \"night\" \u2192 \"nite\", \"could\" \u2192 \"cood\", \"time\" \u2192 \"tim\".<\/p>\n<p><strong>Doublings<\/strong>: \"running\" \u2192 \"runing\", \"apple\" \u2192 \"aple\".<\/p>\n<p><strong>Homophones<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<p><strong>to\/too\/two<\/strong>: \"I want too go\" (= \"I want to go\").<\/p>\n<p><strong>there\/their\/they're<\/strong>: \"Their going\" (= \"They're going\").<\/p>\n<p><strong>your\/you're<\/strong>: \"Your late\" (= \"You're late\").<\/p>\n<p><strong>Irregular words<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<p><strong>Exceptions<\/strong>: \"said\" \u2192 \"sed\", \"friend\" \u2192 \"frend\", \"enough\" \u2192 \"enuff\".<\/p>\n<p><strong>Student examples<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<p><strong>Tom (3rd grade)<\/strong>: Writes \"he went too the forrest wif his dog\" (= \"he went to the forest with his dog\") - all phonetic, no word spelled correctly.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Chloe (4th grade)<\/strong>: Writes \"the cat and the dog is in the garden\" (= \"the cat and the dog are in the garden\") - systematic homophone confusions.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Frequency<\/strong>: 30-40% dysorthographia errors.<\/p>\n<h3>3. Grammatical errors<\/h3>\n<p><strong>Definition<\/strong>: Agreements, conjugations, morphology.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Origin<\/strong>: Working memory, defective automation.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Manifestations<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<p><strong>Subject-verb agreement<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<p><strong>Plural<\/strong>: \"the children plays\" (= \"the children play\").<\/p>\n<p><strong>Person<\/strong>: \"I plays\" (= \"I play\").<\/p>\n<p><strong>Noun-adjective agreement<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<p><strong>Gender<\/strong>: \"a beautiful castle\" \u2192 correct in English (no gender agreement).<\/p>\n<p><strong>Number<\/strong>: \"the black cats\" \u2192 \"the black cat\" (missing plural).<\/p>\n<p><strong>Past participle agreement<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<p><strong>With auxiliary<\/strong>: \"they have went\" (= \"they have gone\").<\/p>\n<p><strong>Conjugations<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<p><strong>Endings<\/strong>: \"he eat\" \u2192 \"he eated\", \"they has eaten\" \u2192 \"they have ate\".<\/p>\n<p><strong>Tenses<\/strong>: Mixing (past\/present\/future).<\/p>\n<p><strong>Student examples<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<p><strong>Lucas (2nd grade)<\/strong>: Writes \"the girls plays in the yard, they is happy\" - no agreement (plural, gender).<\/p>\n<p><strong>Sophie (3rd grade)<\/strong>: Writes \"yesterday, I goes to the park and I have play\" - mixed tenses, wrong endings.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Frequency<\/strong>: 20-30% dysorthographia errors.<\/p>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.dynseo.com\/en\/brain-games-apps\/coco-educational-games\/\" target=\"_blank\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.dynseo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/COCO-THINKS-COCO-MOVES.png\" target=\"_blank\"><img src=\"https:\/\/www.dynseo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/COCO-THINKS-COCO-MOVES.png\" alt=\"COCO THINKS and COCO MOVES Program\" style=\"max-width:100%;height:auto;\" \/><\/a><\/a>\n<p>---<\/p>\n<h2>Assessment grids by type {#evaluation}<\/h2>\n<h3>Phonetic errors grid<\/h3>\n<p><strong>Student production<\/strong>: Dictation, free writing.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Analyze<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<ul><li>[ ] Voiced\/voiceless confusions (b\/p, d\/t, g\/k, v\/f, z\/s)<\/li>\n<li>[ ] Nasal confusions (an\/on, in\/un)<\/li>\n<li>[ ] Vowel confusions (a\/e, \u00e9\/\u00e8\/\u00ea, i\/u\/ou)<\/li>\n<li>[ ] Letter omissions (beginning, middle, end of words)<\/li>\n<li>[ ] Syllable omissions (long words)<\/li>\n<li>[ ] Letter inversions (tree \u2192 tere)<\/li>\n<li>[ ] Syllable inversions (animal \u2192 aminal)<\/li>\n<li>[ ] Similar sound substitutions<\/li>\n<p><strong>Score<\/strong>: Number phonetic errors \/ total words.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Interpretation<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<p><strong><5%<\/strong>: Normal.<\/p>\n<p><strong>5-15%<\/strong>: Phonological difficulties (strengthen phonological awareness).<\/p>\n<p><strong>>15%<\/strong>: Probable phonetic dysorthographia (speech therapy assessment).<\/p>\n<h3>Lexical errors grid<\/h3>\n<p><strong>Student production<\/strong>: Dictation of irregular, frequent words.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Analyze<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<li>[ ] Frequent words phonetically spelled (\"with\" \u2192 \"wif\")<\/li>\n<li>[ ] Silent letters forgotten (\"night\" \u2192 \"nite\")<\/li>\n<li>[ ] Doublings forgotten (\"running\" \u2192 \"runing\")<\/li>\n<li>[ ] Confused homophones (to\/too, there\/their, your\/you're)<\/li>\n<li>[ ] Exceptions phonetically spelled (\"said\" \u2192 \"sed\")<\/li>\n<p><strong>Score<\/strong>: Number lexical errors \/ irregular words dictated.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Interpretation<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<p><strong><10%<\/strong>: Normal.<\/p>\n<p><strong>10-30%<\/strong>: Visual memorization difficulties (strengthen).<\/p>\n<p><strong>>30%<\/strong>: Probable lexical dysorthographia (assessment).<\/p>\n<h3>Grammatical errors grid<\/h3>\n<p><strong>Student production<\/strong>: Short writing.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Analyze<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<li>[ ] Subject-verb agreements (number, person)<\/li>\n<li>[ ] Noun-adjective agreements (gender, number)<\/li>\n<li>[ ] Past participle agreements<\/li>\n<li>[ ] Verb endings (ed\/ing\/s)<\/li>\n<li>[ ] Conjugations (tenses, concordance)<\/li>\n<li>[ ] Grammatical homophones (to\/too, there\/their, your\/you're)<\/li>\n<p><strong>Score<\/strong>: Number grammatical errors \/ expected agreements.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Interpretation<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<p><strong><15%<\/strong>: Normal (progressive learning).<\/p>\n<p><strong>15-40%<\/strong>: Grammatical difficulties (review rules, exercises).<\/p>\n<p><strong>>40%<\/strong>: Probable grammatical dysorthographia (assessment).<\/p>\n<h3>Overall dysorthographia grid<\/h3>\n<p><strong>Cumulative<\/strong>: 3 error types.<\/p>\n<p><strong>If<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<p><strong>2+ types<\/strong>: >threshold = Probable dysorthographia.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1 type<\/strong>: >high threshold (e.g.: 30% phonetic errors) = Specific dysorthographia.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Resistance<\/strong>: Errors persist after intensive teaching (8-12 weeks) = Confirms dysorthographia.<\/p>\n<p>---<\/p>\n<h2>Diagnostic dictations {#dictees}<\/h2>\n<h3>Principle<\/h3>\n<p><strong>Dictation<\/strong>: Not graded assessment, but diagnostic tool.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Objective<\/strong>: Identify error types, dysorthographia profile.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Frequency<\/strong>: 2-3x\/year (beginning, middle, end of year).<\/p>\n<p><strong>No grade<\/strong>: Qualitative analysis (vs punishment).<\/p>\n<h3>Phonetic dictation (K-1st grade)<\/h3>\n<p><strong>Content<\/strong>: Simple, regular words (direct grapheme-phoneme correspondence).<\/p>\n<p><strong>Example<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<p><em>\"Dad has a bike. Lola reads. The cat flies. He drank milk.\"<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>Target<\/strong>: Phonetic errors (confusions, omissions, inversions).<\/p>\n<p><strong>Analysis<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<p><strong>\"dad\" \u2192 \"bad\"<\/strong>: Confusion d\/b.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\"bike\" \u2192 \"bke\"<\/strong>: Omission \"i\".<\/p>\n<p><strong>\"flies\" \u2192 \"flys\"<\/strong>: Confusion ie\/y.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Interpretation<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<p><strong>Massive errors<\/strong>: Probable phonetic dysorthographia.<\/p>\n<h3>Lexical dictation (2nd-4th grade)<\/h3>\n<p><strong>Content<\/strong>: Frequent irregular words, silent letters, homophones.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Example<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<p><em>\"He is with his friend. They are in the garden. The weather is nice. She has many flowers.\"<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>Target<\/strong>: Lexical errors (irregular words, homophones).<\/p>\n<p><strong>Analysis<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<p><strong>\"is\" \u2192 \"iz\"<\/strong>: Phonetic (vs lexical spelling).<\/p>\n<p><strong>\"with\" \u2192 \"wif\"<\/strong>: Phonetic.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\"weather\" \u2192 \"wether\"<\/strong>: Silent letter omission.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\"many\" \u2192 \"meny\"<\/strong>: Phonetic.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Interpretation<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<p><strong>Massive errors in frequent words<\/strong>: Lexical dysorthographia.<\/p>\n<h3>Grammatical dictation (3rd-4th grade)<\/h3>\n<p><strong>Content<\/strong>: Sentences requiring agreements.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Example<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<p><em>\"The girls went to the park. They ate red apples. The boys are playing in the yard.\"<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>Target<\/strong>: Grammatical errors (agreements).<\/p>\n<p><strong>Analysis<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<p><strong>\"went\" \u2192 \"go\"<\/strong>: No past tense agreement.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\"red apples\" \u2192 \"red apple\"<\/strong>: No noun-adjective agreements.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\"are playing\" \u2192 \"is play\"<\/strong>: No subject-verb agreement.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Interpretation<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<p><strong>No agreements<\/strong>: Grammatical dysorthographia.<\/p>\n<h3>Mixed dictation (2nd-4th grade)<\/h3>\n<p><strong>Content<\/strong>: Mix of 3 types (complete profile assessment).<\/p>\n<p><strong>Example<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<p><em>\"Yesterday, the children went to the forest with their parents. They saw many animals. It was a beautiful day.\"<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>Analysis<\/strong>: Count errors each type.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Profile<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<p><strong>Emma<\/strong>: 15 phonetic errors, 8 lexical, 3 grammatical \u2192 Dominant phonetic dysorthographia.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Tom<\/strong>: 3 phonetic, 18 lexical, 2 grammatical \u2192 Dominant lexical dysorthographia.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Lucas<\/strong>: 5 phonetic, 7 lexical, 20 grammatical \u2192 Dominant grammatical dysorthographia.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Adaptation<\/strong>: Targeted remediation for dominant type.<\/p>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.dynseo.com\/en\/courses\/identifying-and-supporting-dys-disorders-in-elementary-school\/\" target=\"_blank\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.dynseo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Troubles-dys-\u00e0-l\u00e9c\u2026-Anglais.jpg\" target=\"_blank\"><img src=\"https:\/\/www.dynseo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Troubles-dys-\u00e0-l\u00e9c\u2026-Anglais.jpg\" alt=\"DYNSEO Training\" style=\"max-width:100%;height:auto;\" \/><\/a><\/a>\n<p>---<\/p>\n<h2>Adapted corrections {#corrections}<\/h2>\n<h3>Principle of supportive correction<\/h3>\n<p><strong>Not everything in red<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<p><strong>Discouragement<\/strong>: Massively red paper = abandonment (\"I'll never succeed\").<\/p>\n<p><strong>Ineffective<\/strong>: Dysorthographic student sees errors, doesn't understand why (neurological disorder, not ignorance).<\/p>\n<p><strong>Select errors<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<p><strong>Objectives<\/strong>: 3-5 words max per production (vs 50 underlined errors).<\/p>\n<p><strong>Progression<\/strong>: Start with phonetic errors (fundamental), then lexical, finally grammatical.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Value successes<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<p><strong>Correct words<\/strong>: Underline in green (vs only red errors).<\/p>\n<p><strong>Progress<\/strong>: Compare with previous production (vs class norm).<\/p>\n<p><strong>Content<\/strong>: Evaluate ideas, structure, creativity (vs spelling).<\/p>\n<h3>Correction by error type<\/h3>\n<p><strong>Phonetic errors<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<p><strong>Underline<\/strong>: Whole word.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Help<\/strong>: Say word slowly, segment sounds.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Rewrite<\/strong>: Together orally, then student writes.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Example<\/strong>: \"bot\" \u2192 Teacher says \"bo-at\", student repeats, writes \"boat\".<\/p>\n<p><strong>Lexical errors<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<p><strong>Provide<\/strong>: Correct spelling (visual memorization, not deduction).<\/p>\n<p><strong>Copy<\/strong>: 3-5x (anchor visual memory).<\/p>\n<p><strong>Display<\/strong>: Frequent words in classroom (permanent reference).<\/p>\n<p><strong>Example<\/strong>: \"wif\" \u2192 Show \"with\", student copies 5x, adds to personal frequent word list.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Grammatical errors<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<p><strong>Explain<\/strong>: Rule briefly.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Circle<\/strong>: Concerned words (subject + verb, noun + adjective).<\/p>\n<p><strong>Rewrite<\/strong>: Agreement.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Example<\/strong>: \"the girls plays\" \u2192 Circle \"girls\" + \"plays\", say \"plural, therefore 'play'\", student corrects.<\/p>\n<h3>Adapted grading scales<\/h3>\n<p><strong>Separate<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<p><strong>Content<\/strong>: 70-80% grade (ideas, structure, richness).<\/p>\n<p><strong>Spelling<\/strong>: 20-30% grade (vs 50% classic).<\/p>\n<p><strong>Or separate grades<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<p><strong>Content<\/strong>: Grade A.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Spelling<\/strong>: Grade B (informative, not penalizing average).<\/p>\n<p><strong>Progress bonus<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<p><strong>Comparison<\/strong>: Previous production.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Value<\/strong>: Error reduction (vs absolute number).<\/p>\n<p><strong>Example<\/strong>: Emma 50 errors production 1 \u2192 35 production 2 = Enormous progress (bonus points).<\/p>\n<h3>Adapted dictations<\/h3>\n<p><strong>Not classic dictations<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<p><strong>Ineffective<\/strong>: Dysorthographic student always fails (demotivation).<\/p>\n<p><strong>Alternatives<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<p><strong>Prepared dictation<\/strong>: Words given day before, reviewed, dictated next day.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Choice dictation<\/strong>: Student chooses 10 words from list of 20 (guaranteed success).<\/p>\n<p><strong>Negotiated dictation<\/strong>: Pairs, discuss spelling, write together.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Cloze dictation<\/strong>: Pre-written text, few words to complete.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Zero dictation<\/strong>: If severe dysorthographia (assess differently).<\/p>\n<p>---<\/p>\n<h2>Compensation strategies {#strategies}<\/h2>\n<h3>Technological tools<\/h3>\n<p><strong>Spell checker<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<p><strong>Systematic<\/strong>: Computer, tablet.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Learn<\/strong>: To use (not everything automatic - choice of corrections).<\/p>\n<p><strong>Not cheating<\/strong>: Compensatory tool (like glasses).<\/p>\n<p><strong>Voice dictation<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<p><strong>Software<\/strong>: Dragon, built-in functions (phone, computer).<\/p>\n<p><strong>Frees<\/strong>: From writing constraint (ideas verbalized, transcribed).<\/p>\n<p><strong>Limits<\/strong>: Punctuation, homophones (supervision necessary).<\/p>\n<p><strong>Word predictor<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<p><strong>Suggestions<\/strong>: Words while writing (reduces errors).<\/p>\n<p><strong>Memorization<\/strong>: Correct spellings memorized visually.<\/p>\n<h3>Memory aids<\/h3>\n<p><strong>Reference materials<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<p><strong>Frequent words<\/strong>: Posted in classroom, student's personal list.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Homophones<\/strong>: Tables (to\/too, there\/their, your\/you're + differentiation tips).<\/p>\n<p><strong>Rules<\/strong>: Simplified, visual (posters, desk mats).<\/p>\n<p><strong>Color codes<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<p><strong>Agreements<\/strong>: Highlight (subject blue, verb red, arrowed links).<\/p>\n<p><strong>Nature<\/strong>: Nouns green, verbs red, adjectives yellow (visual identification).<\/p>\n<p><strong>Mnemonics<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<p><strong>Create<\/strong>: With student (personalized = memorable).<\/p>\n<p><strong>Examples<\/strong>: \"to\" verb \u2192 replace \"going to\" (\"I want to go\" \u2192 \"I want going to go\" = correct).<\/p>\n<h3>Proofreading strategies<\/h3>\n<p><strong>Targeted proofreading<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<p><strong>Not everything<\/strong>: Focus on 1 error type.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Example<\/strong>: 1st proofreading = subject-verb agreements only. 2nd = homophones. Etc.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Tools<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<p><strong>Grid<\/strong>: Verification (checklist of error types).<\/p>\n<p><strong>Peers<\/strong>: Cross-proofreading (another student, supportive).<\/p>\n<p><strong>Time<\/strong>: Extra (dysorthographic proofreading 2-3x longer).<\/p>\n<h3>Reducing demands<\/h3>\n<p><strong>Quantity<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<p><strong>Less writing<\/strong>: 5 rich sentences (vs 20 rushed).<\/p>\n<p><strong>Quality<\/strong>: Content (vs quantity).<\/p>\n<p><strong>Formats<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<p><strong>Oral<\/strong>: Prioritize (presentations, audio recordings).<\/p>\n<p><strong>Diagrams<\/strong>: Mind maps, annotated drawings (vs long compositions).<\/p>\n<p><strong>Assessments<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<p><strong>Multiple choice<\/strong>: Vs open questions (reduce writing).<\/p>\n<p><strong>Oral<\/strong>: Vs written (assess knowledge, not spelling).<\/p>\n<h3>Adapted training<\/h3>\n<p><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.dynseo.com\/en\/brain-games-apps\/coco-educational-games\/\" target=\"_blank\">COCO THINKS and COCO MOVES<\/a><\/strong>:<\/p>\n<p><strong>Spelling games<\/strong>: Fun, progressive, no pressure.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Phonology<\/strong>: Sound awareness (foundation).<\/p>\n<p><strong>Visual memory<\/strong>: Frequent words (games).<\/p>\n<p><strong>Speech therapy<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<p><strong>Remediation<\/strong>: Specialized (phonology, orthographic memory, strategies).<\/p>\n<p><strong>Regular<\/strong>: 1-2x\/week minimum.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Patience<\/strong>: Slow progress, but possible.<\/p>\n<p>---<\/p>\n<h2>Teacher testimonials<\/h2>\n<h3>Claire, 2nd grade teacher<\/h3>\n<p><em>\"Emma had 40 errors in dictations of 20 words. Everything in red = tears. DYNSEO training: learned adapted correction. Now: 5 words max corrected (objectives), correct words highlighted in green, content grade separated from spelling. Emma re-motivated (sees progress), longer productions (dares to write). Dysorthographia remains, but managed, accepted.\"<\/em><\/p>\n<h3>Marc, 3rd grade teacher<\/h3>\n<p><em>\"Tom everything phonetic ('he goed to school'). Catastrophic dictations (0\/20 systematic). DYNSEO grids used: phonetic + lexical dysorthographia identified. Adaptations (prepared dictations, computer + spell checker, priority content evaluation). Speech therapy started. Tom progresses slowly, but now writes (vs avoided). Fair assessment = key.\"<\/em><\/p>\n<h3>Sophie, 4th grade teacher<\/h3>\n<p><em>\"Lucas no agreements (plural, gender, conjugation). Thought 'doesn't know rules'. Training: learned grammatical dysorthographia (automation impossible, working memory). Strategies taught (color codes, targeted proofreading, verification grids). Lucas applies (laborious), errors decrease (50% vs 90%). Understanding mechanism = adapt effectively.\"<\/em><\/p>\n<p>---<\/p>\n<h2>Conclusion: Identify to adapt fairly<\/h2>\n<p>Dysorthographia is not a lack of work, concentration, or intelligence. It's a neurological disorder that prevents normal spelling acquisition despite intense efforts. Identifying types of recurring errors allows for fair assessment, effective correction, compensatory adaptations. Because perfect spelling is not a realistic goal for dysorthographic individuals. But error reduction, compensation strategies, and acceptance of difference are possible. And allow writing, communicating, succeeding.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Keys to supporting dysorthographia:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>1. &#x2705; Identify error types (phonetic, lexical, grammatical)<\/p>\n<p>2. &#x2705; Assess profile (diagnostic dictations, grids)<\/p>\n<p>3. &#x2705; Correct selectively (3-5 errors max, not everything red)<\/p>\n<p>4. &#x2705; Value content (ideas, structure vs spelling)<\/p>\n<p>5. &#x2705; Adapt grading scales (separate content\/spelling)<\/p>\n<p>6. &#x2705; Compensate (digital tools, memory aids)<\/p>\n<p>7. &#x2705; Reduce demands (quantity, formats)<\/p>\n<p>8. &#x2705; Train (understand disorder, master differentiated assessment)<\/p>\n<p><strong>Dysorthographia can be compensated, worked around. Our <a href=\"https:\/\/www.dynseo.com\/en\/courses\/identifying-and-supporting-dys-disorders-in-elementary-school\/\" target=\"_blank\">DYNSEO training<\/a> teaches adapted assessment + correction. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.dynseo.com\/en\/brain-games-apps\/coco-educational-games\/\" target=\"_blank\">COCO THINKS and COCO MOVES<\/a> trains spelling playfully. You can transform the dysorthographic student's relationship to writing.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>---<\/p>\n<p><strong>DYNSEO resources for supporting dysorthographia:<\/strong><\/p>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.dynseo.com\/en\/courses\/identifying-and-supporting-dys-disorders-in-elementary-school\/\" target=\"_blank\">DYS Disorders Training: identify dysorthographia and adapt assessments<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.dynseo.com\/en\/courses\/supporting-students-with-learning-disabilities-strategies-and-tools-for-the-classroom\/\" target=\"_blank\">Training: Supporting students with learning disabilities<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.dynseo.com\/en\/brain-games-apps\/coco-educational-games\/\" target=\"_blank\">COCO THINKS and COCO MOVES Program: adapted spelling games<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.dynseo.com\/en\/courses\/identifying-and-supporting-dys-disorders-in-elementary-school\/\" target=\"_blank\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.dynseo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Troubles-dys-\u00e0-l\u00e9c\u2026-Anglais.jpg\" target=\"_blank\"><img src=\"https:\/\/www.dynseo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Troubles-dys-\u00e0-l\u00e9c\u2026-Anglais.jpg\" alt=\"DYNSEO DYS Training\" style=\"max-width:100%;height:auto;\" \/><\/a><\/a>\n<p>---<\/p>\n<p><em>Behind every red paper, there is a child who tried. Who thought, searched, corrected, copied. Who thought 'with' is spelled 'wif' because it's logical. Who forgets plural 's' because their brain forgets. Not because they don't care. Not because they don't work. Just because of dysorthographia. And if you identify typical errors, if you assess fairly, if you correct with kindness, this child can continue to write. Despite mistakes. Despite everything. Because writing is communicating. And that, they can do.<\/em><\/p>\n\n[et_pb_code]<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"FAQPage\",\"mainEntity\":[{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Qu'est-ce qui diff\u00e9rencie la dysorthographie d'un simple \"mauvais niveau\" en orthographe ?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"La dysorthographie est un trouble sp\u00e9cifique qui se caract\u00e9rise par des erreurs massives (20-50% des mots faut\u00e9s contre 5-10% pour les difficult\u00e9s ordinaires), une r\u00e9sistance aux apprentissages classiques (r\u00e9p\u00e9titions, r\u00e8gles, dict\u00e9es inefficaces), et une durabilit\u00e9 qui persiste sur plusieurs ann\u00e9es, contrairement \u00e0 un retard qui peut \u00eatre rattrap\u00e9.\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Quels sont les 3 types d'erreurs r\u00e9currentes en dysorthographie ?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Les 3 types d'erreurs r\u00e9currentes sont : les erreurs phon\u00e9tiques (probl\u00e8mes de correspondance son-lettre), les erreurs lexicales (difficult\u00e9s avec l'orthographe d'usage des mots), et les erreurs grammaticales (probl\u00e8mes d'accord et de conjugaison).\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Comment rep\u00e9rer la dysorthographie chez un \u00e9l\u00e8ve de primaire ?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Le rep\u00e9rage se fait gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 l'observation d'erreurs massives et persistantes malgr\u00e9 les apprentissages, l'utilisation de grilles d'observation par type d'erreur, et la mise en place de dict\u00e9es diagnostiques pour \u00e9valuer les diff\u00e9rents aspects de l'orthographe.\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Faut-il corriger toutes les erreurs en rouge pour un \u00e9l\u00e8ve dysorthographique ?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Non, il est recommand\u00e9 d'adapter les corrections pour ne pas d\u00e9courager l'\u00e9l\u00e8ve. Il faut privil\u00e9gier des corrections cibl\u00e9es sur certains types d'erreurs, utiliser des codes couleur diff\u00e9renci\u00e9s, et mettre l'accent sur les progr\u00e8s plut\u00f4t que sur l'exhaustivit\u00e9 des corrections.\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Un \u00e9l\u00e8ve qui \u00e9crit 'il av\u00e9 al\u00e9' en CE2, est-ce normal ?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Ces erreurs phon\u00e9tiques massives en CE2 peuvent \u00eatre un signe de dysorthographie si elles persistent malgr\u00e9 les apprentissages. Il s'agit d'erreurs de correspondance grapho-phonologique qui n\u00e9cessitent une \u00e9valuation plus approfondie et des adaptations p\u00e9dagogiques sp\u00e9cifiques.\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Quelles strat\u00e9gies de compensation peut-on mettre en place pour un \u00e9l\u00e8ve dysorthographique ?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Les strat\u00e9gies incluent l'utilisation d'outils num\u00e9riques (correcteurs, pr\u00e9dicteurs de mots), la r\u00e9duction du volume d'\u00e9criture, l'\u00e9valuation orale quand possible, l'utilisation de r\u00e9f\u00e9rentiels visuels, et la mise en place de bar\u00e8mes de notation adapt\u00e9s qui valorisent le contenu plut\u00f4t que la forme.\"}}]}<\/script>[\/et_pb_code]","_et_gb_content_width":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[2915],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-726474","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-les-conseils-des-coachs"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.1 - 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