Management of Cognitive Disorders in Stomach Cancer Survivors

Le stomach cancer is a serious illness that affects many individuals around the world. Stomach cancer survivors face numerous challenges, including cognitive issues that can significantly impact their quality of life. Therefore, it is essential to understand and address these challenges to help survivors regain optimal cognitive function.

The cognitive challenges faced by stomach cancer survivors

Stomach cancer survivors encounter many cognitive challenges that can affect their ability to function optimally in daily life. These difficulties can manifest in various forms, ranging from memory disorders to problems with concentration, reasoning, and decision-making. For example, some survivors may struggle to remember recent information, organize their thoughts, or follow conversations. Others may experience difficulties in completing simple tasks such as grocery shopping or managing household chores.The impact of these cognitive disorders on the quality of life of stomach cancer survivors can be profound. Not only do these symptoms impair their ability to lead an independent life, but they can also affect their social and professional relationships. Cognitive challenges are often associated with feelings of frustration, stress, and anxiety, which can further exacerbate the situation.

The impacts of stomach cancer on cognitive functions

Treatments for stomach cancer, including surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy, are significant factors that can contribute to alterations in cognitive functions. Chemotherapy, in particular, is known for its neurotoxic effects, which can affect the brain and lead to difficulties in areas such as memory, attention, and information processing.Radiation therapy, while effective in treating tumors, can also have neurological side effects, especially if administered in areas close to the brain. It can alter neural connections and damage brain cells, which harms cognitive function. Although these effects are often temporary, in some cases, they can persist long-term, exacerbating cognitive difficulties in stomach cancer survivors.Moreover, the physical and emotional stress generated by the cancer diagnosis, aggressive treatments, and concerns about the future can also impact cognitive function. Chronic stress is known to interfere with memory, attention, and decision-making processes. It can also worsen mental fatigue, a common symptom among cancer survivors, and lead to impairments in cognitive functions both in the short and long term.

The prevalence of cognitive disorders among stomach cancer survivors

Studies on the prevalence of cognitive disorders among stomach cancer survivors have revealed that these disorders are relatively common, although their severity and duration vary from patient to patient. According to some research, up to 75% of stomach cancer survivors may experience short-term cognitive disorders, such as memory, attention, and concentration problems, during or immediately after their treatment.However, a significant proportion of survivors, estimated between 30% and 50%, continue to suffer from long-term cognitive disorders. These symptoms may include persistent difficulties in managing daily tasks, a loss of autonomy, as well as communication and organizational problems. While some patients regain their cognitive abilities over time, others may live with these alterations for several years after treatment ends, impacting their quality of life and overall well-being.

The risk factors for cognitive disorders in stomach cancer survivors

Several factors can increase the risk of developing cognitive disorders in stomach cancer survivors. Among these factors are:1. Advanced age: Older survivors are more likely to exhibit cognitive deficits. The natural aging of the brain can make the effects of treatments more pronounced and prolonged. Additionally, the brain's repair mechanisms are often less effective in older individuals, which can exacerbate cognitive disorders after cancer treatment.2. Advanced stage of cancer: Patients diagnosed with stomach cancer at an advanced stage may have more severe cognitive disorders due to disease progression and its impact on the body. The treatments necessary to combat cancer at an advanced stage, such as high-dose chemotherapy and radiation therapy, can also contribute to more significant cognitive side effects.3. Aggressive treatments: High-dose chemotherapy is a major risk factor for cognitive disorders. The chemotherapy drugs used to treat stomach cancer, particularly those with neurotoxic effects, can have lasting effects on cognitive function. Furthermore, radiation therapy, especially when administered over a large area of the body or near the brain, can have a direct impact on cognitive abilities.4. Psychological and emotional stress: The stress generated by cancer, its treatment, and uncertainty about the future can exacerbate cognitive disorders. Negative emotions such as anxiety and depression can interfere with cognitive functions like memory and attention. Additionally, stress can interfere with time management and organizational strategies, making it difficult for stomach cancer survivors to complete complex tasks.5. Pre-existing medical factors: Survivors of stomach cancer with a history of neurological disorders or other medical conditions that can affect the brain (such as cardiovascular or diabetic disorders) are also at higher risk of experiencing cognitive alterations.

Strategies for managing cognitive disorders in stomach cancer survivors

Fortunately, several strategies can be implemented to manage and reduce cognitive disorders in stomach cancer survivors. These strategies include non-pharmacological approaches, psychotherapeutic interventions, and lifestyle adaptations.1. Cognitive rehabilitation
Cognitive rehabilitation is one of the main approaches used to help stomach cancer survivors improve their cognitive functions. This includes targeted exercises aimed at improving memory, attention, concentration, and executive functions. Patients can work with neuropsychologists or occupational therapists to develop compensation strategies and enhance their cognitive abilities, such as using task lists, structuring their schedules, and simplifying their environments.2. Regular physical exercise
Physical exercise is a powerful tool for improving cognitive health. Studies have shown that physical activity can help stimulate neurogenesis (the production of new brain cells) and improve cognitive abilities. Moderate exercise, such as walking, yoga, or swimming, can also reduce stress, improve sleep quality, and increase energy, which can help survivors better manage cognitive symptoms.3. Stress and anxiety management
Reducing stress and anxiety is essential for improving cognitive function. Relaxation techniques, such as meditation, deep breathing, mindfulness, and progressive muscle relaxation, can help lower cortisol levels (the stress hormone), which negatively impacts memory and attention. Psychotherapies such as cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) can also be beneficial in helping survivors manage their emotions and negative thoughts.4. Healthy and sustained diet
A balanced diet rich in essential nutrients for the brain (such as omega-3s, antioxidants, and B vitamins) can also have a positive impact on cognition. Additionally, maintaining a healthy weight and avoiding alcohol and tobacco can contribute to improving cognitive functions in the long term.5. Psychological and social support
It is crucial to provide emotional and psychological support to stomach cancer survivors who suffer from cognitive disorders. Support groups, individual or family therapy, as well as counseling services can help reduce social isolation and provide a safe space to express their concerns and frustrations. Social support also plays an important role in managing stress and anxiety.