Musculoskeletal Disorders: Prevention and Rehabilitation
MSDs account for 87% of occupational diseases. The occupational therapist intervenes in prevention and rehabilitation to promote job retention and return to work.
Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) affect joints, muscles, and tendons. They result from an imbalance between the stresses and the body's capabilities. The occupational therapist intervenes at several levels: prevention, job analysis, rehabilitation, and support for return to work.
📊 MSDs in Numbers
🔍 Understanding MSDs
Main MSDs
- Carpal tunnel syndrome: Compression of the median nerve at the wrist
- Shoulder tendonitis: Inflammation of the rotator cuff tendons
- Epicondylitis: "Tennis elbow," elbow pain
- Low back pain: Pain in the lower back
- Cervical pain: Neck pain
Risk Factors
Biomechanical
Repetitiveness, awkward postures, exertion, vibrations
Psychosocial
Stress, lack of autonomy, time pressure
Individual
Age, history, physical condition
🛡️ Prevention of MSDs
Ergonomic Job Analysis
- Activity observation: Movements, postures, work pace
- Measurements: Heights, distances, angles, weights handled
- Interviews: Operators' feelings, difficulties, pain
- Recommendations: Technical and organizational adjustments
Workstation Adjustments
Computer workstation
Screen, keyboard, mouse, ergonomic chair, lighting
Production workstation
Working height, handling aids, rotation
Training
Movements and postures, warm-up, active breaks
💡 Ergonomic Principles for Computer Workstation
Screen at eye level, arm's length distance, relaxed shoulders, horizontal forearms, flat feet, supported back. The occupational therapist assesses and adjusts these parameters for each worker.
💪 Rehabilitation of MSDs
Rehabilitation Goals
- Reduce pain: Physical modalities, activity adaptation
- Recover functions: Strength, range, endurance
- Regain work capabilities: Simulation, situational training
- Prevent recurrence: Education, sustainable adjustments
Rehabilitation Approaches
- Active exercises: Strengthening, stretching, proprioception
- Joint economy: Alternative movements, technical aids
- Effort retraining: Progression towards work-related stresses
- Therapeutic education: Understanding, self-management
🏢 Return to Work and Job Retention
Support for Return
- Pre-return visit: With the occupational physician
- Job analysis: Suitability with capabilities
- Adjustments: Technical, organizational, scheduling
- Gradual return: Therapeutic part-time
- Follow-up: Adjustments, relapse prevention
Available Support Programs
- RQTH: Recognition of the Quality of Disabled Worker
- AGEFIPH/FIPHFP: Assistance for workstation adjustments
- Cap Emploi: Support for employment and reintegration
🛠️ Tools for Professionals
DYNSEO offers training and tools for occupational therapists working in occupational health.
Discover our training →🎯 Conclusion
MSDs are a major issue in occupational health. The occupational therapist, with their expertise in activity analysis and environmental adaptation, is a key player in the prevention and support of affected workers.
From job analysis to rehabilitation, including support for return to work, the occupational therapist offers a holistic approach centered on the individual and their professional activity.
